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English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English fast, fest, from Old English fæst (“firm, secure”), from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
The development of “rapid” from an original sense of “secure” apparently happened first in the adverb and then transferred to the adjective; compare hard in expressions like “to run hard”. The original sense of “secure, firm” is now slightly archaic, but retained in the related fasten (“make secure”). Also compare close meaning change from Latin rapiō (“to snatch”) to Latin rapidus (“rapid, quick”), from Irish sciob (“to snatch”) to Irish sciobtha (“quick”).
Adjective
fast (comparative faster, superlative fastest)
- (dated) Firmly or securely fixed in place; stable.
That rope is dangerously loose. Make it fast!
- Synonyms: firm, immobile, secure, stable, stuck, tight
- Antonym: loose
- Hyponyms: bedfast, chairfast, colorfast, fail-fast, lightfast, shamefast, soothfast, steadfast
- Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong.
1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande , Dublin: Societie of Stationers, , →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: Society of Stationers, Hibernia Press, y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:out-lawes […] lurking in woods and fast places
- Synonyms: fortified, impenetrable
- Antonyms: penetrable, weak
- (of people) Steadfast, with unwavering feeling. (Now mostly in set phrases like fast friend(s).)
1933, Will Hudson, Irving Mills, Eddy DeLange, Moonglow:I still hear you sayin', "Dear one, hold me fast"
- Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid.
I am going to buy a fast car.
- Synonyms: quick, rapid, speedy
- (nuclear physics, of a neutron) Having a kinetic energy between 1 million and 20 million electron volts; often used to describe the energy state of free neutrons at the moment of their release by a nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction (i.e., before the neutrons have been slowed down by anything).
Plutonium-240 has a much higher fission cross-section for fast neutrons than for thermal neutrons.
- Of a place, characterised by business, hustle and bustle, etc.
1968, Carl Ruhen, The Key Club, Sydney: Scripts, page 15:Sydney is a fast city, and the pace is becoming increasingly more frantic.
- Causing unusual rapidity of play or action.
a fast racket, or tennis court
a fast track
a fast billiard table
a fast dance floor
- (computing, of a piece of hardware) Able to transfer data in a short period of time.
- Deep or sound (of sleep); fast asleep (of people).
c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Since his majesty went into the field, I have seen her rise from her bed, throw her nightgown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon’t, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleep.
- Synonyms: deep, sound
- Antonym: light
- (of dyes or colours) Not running or fading when subjected to detrimental conditions such as wetness or intense light; permanent.
All the washing has come out pink. That red tee-shirt was not fast.
- Synonym: colour-fast
- (obsolete) Tenacious; retentive.
1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes , 3rd edition, London: Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells.
- (dated) Having an extravagant lifestyle or immoral habits.
a fast woman
1852, John Swaby, Physiology of the Opera, page 74:[…] we remember once hearing a fast man suggest that they were evidently "nobs who had overdrawn the badger by driving fast cattle, and going it high" — the exact signification of which words we did not understand […]
1867, George W. Bungay, “Temperance and its Champions”, in The Herald of Health and Journal of Physical Culture, volume I, page 277:Had Senator Wilson won the unenviable reputation of being a fast man—a lover of wine, or had he shown himself to the public in a state of inebriety, unable to stand erect in Fanueil Hall for instance, leaning upon the desk to “maintain the center of gravity,” and uttering words that fell sprawling in “muddy obscurity” from lips redolent of rum, rendering it necessary for a prompter and an interpreter to sculpture his speech into symmetry for the public ear and the public press, he would have been pelted from his high office with the indignant ballots of his constituents.
1979, Doug Fieger, Good Girls Don't:You're alone with her at last / And you're waiting 'til you think the time is right / Cause you've heard she's pretty fast / And you're hoping that she'll give you some tonight.
- Ahead of the correct time or schedule.
There must be something wrong with the hall clock. It is always fast.
- Synonyms: ahead, (as in “the clock is gaining x minutes per hour/day”) gain
- Antonyms: behind, slow
- (of photographic film) More sensitive to light than average.
Usage notes
In the context of nuclear reactors or weaponry, fission-spectrum neutrons (neutrons with the spectrum of energies produced by nuclear fission) are frequently referred to as fast neutrons, even though the majority of fission-spectrum neutrons have energies below the 1-million-electron-volt cutoff.
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of "occurring or happening within a short time"): slow
Derived terms
Translations
firmly or securely fixed in place
- Afrikaans: vas (af)
- Bashkir: ныҡ (nıq)
- Basque: tinko, irmo, finko
- Bulgarian: закрепен (bg) (zakrepen)
- Catalan: ferm (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 牢的 (láo de)
- Danish: fast (da)
- Dutch: vast (nl)
- Faroese: fastur
- Finnish: luja (fi), pitävä (fi), vahva (fi), tiukka (fi)
- French: ferme (fr)
- Galician: firme (gl) m or f, seguro (gl) m, segura f
- German: fest (de), befestigt (de), verankert (de)
- Greek: στερεός (el) m (stereós)
- Hebrew: הָדוּק m (hadúq)
- Hungarian: szilárd (hu)
- Icelandic: fastur (is)
- Ido: ferma (io)
- Irish: ceangailte, suite
- Italian: fisso (it)
- Japanese: しっかりした (shikkari shita)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: zeft (ku), sabit (ku)
- Latvian: stipri
- Lithuanian: tvirtas m
- Macedonian: цврст (cvrst), отпорен (otporen), силен (silen)
- Maori: ngita
- Norwegian: fast (no)
- Plautdietsch: faust
- Portuguese: firme (pt), seguro (pt)
- Russian: про́чный (ru) (próčnyj), кре́пкий (ru) (krépkij)
- Swedish: fast (sv), fäst (sv)
- Ukrainian: мі́цно (mícno)
- Yiddish: פֿעסט (fest)
- Zazaki: rew (diq)
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of friend: steadfast, with unwavering feeling
moving or capable of moving with great speed
- Abkhaz: алас (alas)
- Afrikaans: vinnig (af)
- Andi: ххеххи (xxexxi)
- Arabic: سَرِيع (sarīʕ)
- Egyptian Arabic: سريع (sarīʕ)
- South Levantine Arabic: سريع (sarīʕ)
- Armenian: արագ (hy) (arag)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓ̰ܲܠܕܹܐ m or f (jālde)
- Asturian: rápidu (ast)
- Avar: хехаб (xexab)
- Azerbaijani: yeyin, çapıq (az), iti (az), sürətli (az)
- Bashkir: тиҙ (tiź), шәп (şəp)
- Basque: azkar
- Belarusian: ху́ткі (be) (xútki), бы́стры (býstry)
- Bengali: দ্রুত (bn) (druto)
- Bulgarian: бърз (bg) (bǎrz)
- Burmese: မြန် (my) (mran)
- Buryat: хурдан (xurdan)
- Catalan: ràpid (ca), veloç (ca)
- Chechen: сиха (sixa)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 快 (faai3)
- Mandarin: 快 (zh) (kuài)
- Czech: rychlý (cs)
- Danish: hurtig (da)
- Dutch: snel (nl), vlug (nl), rap (nl), kwiek (nl), gezwind (nl)
- Esperanto: rapida
- Even: хинма (hinma)
- Evenki: хима (hima), химамэ (himamə)
- Faroese: skjótur (fo)
- Finnish: nopea (fi)
- French: rapide (fr)
- Galician: rápido (gl), á présa, rapidamente (gl)
- Galician: rápido (gl)
- Georgian: სწრაფი (sc̣rapi), ჩქარი (ka) (čkari), ცქვიტი (ckviṭi), მარდი (mardi)
- German: schnell (de), rasch (de), geschwind (de), flink (de), flott (de), hurtig (de)
- Alemannic German: gaach, trawig, schnëll, gschwind, gleitig, hurtig, gnoot, tifig
- Greek: γρήγορος (el) (grígoros), ταχύς (el) (tachýs)
- Ancient: ταχύς (takhús), (Epic) θοός (thoós)
- Greenlandic: sukkavoq
- Guaraní: pya'e
- Hebrew: מהיר (he) (mahír)
- Higaonon: madali
- Hindi: तेज़ (tez), तीव्र (hi) (tīvra)
- Hungarian: gyors (hu), sebes (hu)
- Icelandic: hraður (is), hraðskreiður, skjótur, snöggur (is), kvikur (is), fljótur (is), ör (is)
- Ido: rapida (io)
- Indonesian: cepat (id)
- Ingrian: selvä, sukkela, kiire, huima
- Ingush: сиха (sixa)
- Irish: luath, mear
- Italian: veloce (it), rapido (it), rapida (it)
- Japanese: 速い (ja) (はやい, hayai)
- Kabardian: псынщӏэ (kbd) (psənśʼɛ)
- Kalmyk: хурдн (xurdn)
- Khmer: លឿន (km) (lɨən), ឆាប់ (km) (cʰap)
- Kapampangan: malagwa (velocity in general), masalusu (velocity of a flowing liquid in a body of water)
- Korean: 빠르다 (ko) (ppareuda)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: خێرا (ckb) (xêra)
- Northern Kurdish: lezgîn (ku), zû (ku), bilez (ku)
- Laboya: yayarri, ngattana, ngingata, payarta, geha, giggara
- Ladino: presto, prestozo
- Lao: ເລວ (lē wa), ໄວ (wai), ຮັນ (han)
- Latin: celer (la), celox, vēlōx (la), rapidus
- Latvian: ātrs (lv), ašs, straujš, knašs, žigls, nasks
- Lithuanian: greitas (lt) m, greita f
- Low German: snell (nds), swind, swinn, dallig
- Luxembourgish: séier
- Macedonian: брз m (brz)
- Malay: laju (ms)
- Maltese: ħafif (mt), rapidu, (adverb) malajr
- Manchu: ᡥᡡᡩᡠᠨ (hūdun)
- Maori: tere
- Mongolian: хурдан (mn) (xurdan)
- Nepali: तेज (tej), छिटो (chiṭo), द्रुत (drut), तीव्र (tīvra)
- Norman: rapide, vite
- Norwegian: rask (no), kjapp
- Bokmål: hurtiggående
- Occitan: rapid (oc) m, velòç m
- Old English: hræd
- Ossetian: тагъд (taǧd)
- Persian: تند (fa) (tond), فرز (fa) (ferz), تیز (fa) (tiz)
- Plautdietsch: schwind, flinkj, flott (nds)
- Polabian: astĕ
- Polish: szybki (pl), prędki (pl), błyskawiczny (pl), bystry (pl), chyży (pl)
- Portuguese: rápido (pt), veloz (pt)
- Romanian: rapid (ro), iute (ro), grăbit (ro), repede (ro)
- Russian: бы́стрый (ru) (býstryj), ско́рый (ru) (skóryj), скоростно́й (ru) (skorostnój)
- Sanskrit: आशु (sa) (āśu), रघु (sa) (raghu), जव (sa) (java), (of animals) ऋज्र (sa) (ṛjra)
- Scottish Gaelic: luath
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Croatian: бр̑з
- Roman: bȓz (sh)
- Sinhalese: please add this translation if you can
- Slovak: rýchly
- Slovene: híter
- Spanish: rápido (es)
- Swabian: schleunig, dapferle
- Swahili: haraka (sw)
- Swedish: snabb (sv), kvick (sv)
- Tagalog: mabilis
- Tajik: тез (tez), зуд (tg) (zud), тунд (tund)
- Tamil: வேகமான (vēkamāṉa)
- Telugu: త్వరగా (te) (tvaragā)
- Thai: เร็ว (th) (reo)
- Tibetan: མགྱོགས་པོ (mgyogs po)
- Tok Pisin: kwik
- Turkish: hızlı (tr)
- Tuvan: дүрген (dürgen)
- Ukrainian: швидки́й (švydkýj), прудки́й (prudkýj), би́стрий (uk) (býstryj)
- Urdu: تیز (ur) (tez), جلد (jald), تند (tund), سریع (ur) (sarī), عجول (ajūl), عاجل (ājil), چابک (cabuk)
- Vietnamese: mau (vi), nhanh (vi), lẹ (vi), chóng (vi)
- Volapük: vifik (vo), sagitavifik
- Welsh: buan (cy), cyflym (cy), clau (cy)
- White Hmong: ceev
- Yiddish: גיך (gikh), פֿלינק (flink)
- Zazaki: pêt (diq), vistra
- Zhuang: please add this translation if you can
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causing unusual rapidity of play or action
computing: able to transfer data in a short period of time
of a dye: not running or fading
ahead of the correct time or schedule
of photographic film: more sensitive to light than average
Adverb
fast (comparative faster, superlative fastest)
- In a firm or secure manner, securely; in such a way as not to be moved; safe, sound .
- Synonyms: firmly, securely, tightly
- Antonym: loosely
Hold this rope as fast as you can.
c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Shylock:
[…] Do as I bid you; shut doors after you:
Fast bind, fast find;
A proverb never stale in thrifty mind.
1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Gives Some Account of Himself and Family, His First Inducements to Travel. ”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. , volume I, London: Benj Motte, , →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 20:Nine hundred of the ſtrongeſt Men were employed to draw up theſe Cords by many Pulleys faſtned on the Poles, and thus, in leſs than three Hours, I was raiſed and flung into the Engine, and there tyed faſt.
- (of sleeping) Deeply or soundly .
- Synonym: deeply
- Antonym: lightly
He is fast asleep.
- Immediately following in place or time; close, very near .
The horsemen came fast on our heels.
Fast by the sturdy batsman the ball unheeded sped. / That ain't my style, said Casey. Strike one, the umpire said.
- Quickly, with great speed; within a short time .
- Synonyms: quickly, rapidly, speedily, swiftly
- Antonym: slowly
Do it as fast as you can.
2013 August 17, “Pennies streaming from heaven”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8849:Faster than a speeding bit, the internet upended media and entertainment companies. Piracy soared, and sales of albums and films slid. Newspapers lost advertising and readers to websites. Stores selling books, CDs and DVDs went bust. Doomsayers predicted that consumers and advertisers would abandon pay-television en masse in favour of online alternatives.
- Ahead of the correct time or schedule.
- Synonym: ahead
- Antonym: behind
I think my watch is running fast.
Translations
in a firm or secure manner
of sleeping: deeply or soundly
with great speed
- Afrikaans: vinnig (af)
- Arabic: بِسُرْعَة (bi-surʕa), عَاجِلًا (ʕājilan)
- Assamese: বেগাই (begai), খৰকৈ (khorkoi)
- Bashkir: тиҙ (tiź), шәп (şəp)
- Basque: azkar, agudo
- Belarusian: ху́тка (xútka)
- Bulgarian: бъ́рзо (bg) n (bǎ́rzo)
- Catalan: ràpid (ca), ràpidament (ca), veloçment (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 快 (zh) (kuài), 快速 (zh) (kuàisù)
- Czech: rychle (cs)
- Danish: hurtigt, kvikt
- Dutch: snel (nl), vlug (nl)
- Esperanto: rapide (eo)
- Estonian: kiiresti (et), kiirelt
- Faroese: skjótt
- Finnish: nopeasti (fi), pikaisesti (fi)
- French: rapidement (fr), vite (fr)
- Georgian: სწრაფად (sc̣rapad), ჩქარა (čkara), სხარტად (sxarṭad), მარდად (mardad)
- German: schnell (de), beschleunigt (de)
- Greek: γρήγορα (el) (grígora)
- Ancient: θοῶς (thoôs)
- Hebrew: מהר (he) (mahér)
- Hindi: झटपट (hi) (jhaṭpaṭ), जल्दी से (hi) (jaldī se), शीघ्र (hi) (śīghra)
- Hungarian: gyorsan (hu)
- Icelandic: hratt
- Ido: rapide (io)
- Italian: rapidamente (it), velocemente (it)
- Japanese: 速く (ja) (はやく, hayaku), 急いで (ja) (いそいで, isoide)
- Korean: 빨리 (ko) (ppalli)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: زو (zu)
- Northern Kurdish: zû (ku)
- Ladin: aslune, snel, debota
- Lao: ໄວໆ (wai wai)
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Macedonian: брзо (brzo)
- Malay: laju (ms)
- Navajo: hah, tsį́į́ł, tsį́į́łgo, haneetehee
- Norman: vite
- Norwegian: raskt, kjapt, hurtig (no)
- Old English: hraþe
- Persian: تند (fa) (tond)
- Polish: szybko (pl), prędko (pl), bystro
- Portuguese: rapidamente (pt), velozmente (pt), rápido (pt)
- Romanian: repede (ro)
- Russian: бы́стро (ru) (býstro)
- Sanskrit: शीघ्रं (śīghraṃ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бр̑зо
- Roman: bȓzo (sh)
- Slovak: rýchlo
- Slovene: hítro (sl)
- Spanish: rápidamente (es)
- Swedish: fort (sv), kvickt (sv), snabbt (sv)
- Thai: เร็ว (th) (reo), ไว (th) (wai)
- Tok Pisin: kwik
- Turkish: hızlı (tr)
- Ukrainian: шви́дко (uk) (švýdko)
- Vietnamese: nhanh (vi), mau (vi)
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ahead of the correct time or schedule
Noun
fast (plural fasts)
- (British, rail transport) A train that calls at only some stations it passes between its origin and destination, typically just the principal stations
- Synonyms: express, express train, fast train
- Antonyms: local, slow train, stopper
Translations
train that only calls at some stations
— see express
Interjection
fast
- (archery) Short for "stand fast", a warning not to pass between the arrow and the target
- Antonym: loose
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English fasten, from Old English fæstan (verb), Old English fæsten (noun) from
Proto-Germanic *fastāną (“fast”), from the same root as Proto-Germanic *fastijaną (“fasten”), derived from *fastuz, and thereby related to Etymology 1.
The religious sense is presumably introduced in the Gothic church, from Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fastan, “hold fast (viz. to the rule of abstinence)”). This semantic development is unique to Gothic, the term glosses Greek νηστεύω (nēsteúō), Latin ieiuno which do not have similar connotations of "holding fast".
The feminine noun Old High German fasta likely existed in the 8th century (shift to neuter Old High German fasten from the 9th century, whence modern German Fasten).
The Old English noun originally had the sense "fortress, enclosure" and takes the religious sense only in late Old English, perhaps influenced by Old Norse fasta.
The use for reduced nutrition intake for medical reasons or for weight reduction develops by the mid-1970s, back-formed from the use of the verbal noun fasting in this sense (1960s).
Verb
fast (third-person singular simple present fasts, present participle fasting, simple past and past participle fasted)
- (intransitive) To practice religious abstinence, especially from food.
- 1677 George Fox, The Hypocrites Fast and Feast Not God's Holy Day, p. 8 (paraphrasing Matthew 6:16-18).
- And is it not the Command of Christ, that in their Fast they should not appear unto men to fast?
2007, John Zerzan, Silence, page 3:It is at the core of the Vision Quest, the solitary period of fasting and closeness to the earth to discover one's life path and purpose.
- (intransitive) To reduce or limit one's nutrition intake for medical or health reasons, to diet.
1977, Suza Norton, “To get the most benefit from fasting use a body-building diet”, in Yoga Journal, Jul-Aug 1977, p. 40:The ideal would be to fast in a situation where you are not tempted by food
1983, Experimental Lung Research, volumes 5-6, Informa healthcare, page 134:After the equilibration period, the rats designated for deprivation studies were made to fast for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hr according to experimental design.
- (transitive) (academic) To cause a person or animal to abstain, especially from eating.
- Walker et al. (2007)
- At 11 weeks of age, all mice were fasted overnight and underwent gallbladder ultrasonography to determine ejection fraction.
- Semick et al. (2018)
- Kittens, when fasted overnight, were not hypoglycemic (<60 mg/dl).
Translations
to abstain from food
- Acehnese: puasa
- Afrikaans: vas (af)
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Amharic: ጾመ (ṣomä)
- Arabic: صَامَ (ṣāma)
- Aragonese: ayunar
- Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܨܡ (ṣam)
- Armenian: պաս պահել (pas pahel)
- Aromanian: agiun
- Asturian: ayunar
- Azerbaijani: oruc tutmaq
- Basque: barau egin
- Bengali: উপবাস রাখা (upobaś rakha), উপোস করা (upōs kora), রোজা রাখা (bn) (rōja rakha) (Islam)
- Breton: yun (br)
- Bulgarian: по́стя (bg) (póstja)
- Catalan: dejunar (ca)
- Cebuano: puasa
- Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵥⵓⵎ (aẓum)
- Central Franconian: please add this translation if you can
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 絕食/绝食 (zyut6 sik6), 齋戒/斋戒 (zaai1 gaai3), 禁食 (gam3 sik6)
- Eastern Min: please add this translation if you can
- Hakka: 禁食 (kim-sṳ̍t)
- Hokkien: 禁食 (kìm-chia̍h)
- Mandarin: 齋戒/斋戒 (zh) (zhāijiè), 禁食 (zh) (jìnshí)
- Czech: postit se
- Danish: faste (da)
- Dutch: vasten (nl)
- Esperanto: fasti
- Faroese: fasta
- Finnish: paastota (fi)
- French: jeûner (fr)
- Friulian: zunâ, ğunâ
- Galician: xaxuar (gl)
- Georgian: მარხულობა (marxuloba), მარხვის შენახვა (marxvis šenaxva), მარხვა (marxva)
- German: fasten (de), hungern (de)
- Greek: νηστεύω (el) (nistévo)
- Ancient: νηστεύω (nēsteúō)
- Hebrew: צָם (he) (tsam)
- Hindi: व्रत (hi) (vrat), उपवास करना (upvās karnā), व्रत रखना (vrat rakhnā)
- Hungarian: böjtöl (hu)
- Icelandic: fasta (is)
- Ido: fastar (io)
- Indonesian: puasa (id)
- Irish: bí ag troscadh, déan troscadh
- Italian: digiunare (it)
- Japanese: 断食する (danjiki-suru)
- Javanese: pasa
- Kashmiri: فاقہٕ تھَوُن (fāqhụ thavun),ورَٛتھ تھَوُن,روزٕ تھَوُن (rōzụ thavun), وۄپَس دیُٛن
- Kazakh: please add this translation if you can
- Korean: 단식하다(斷食하다) (dansik-hada)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: رۆژوو گرتن (rojû girtin)
- Northern Kurdish: rojî girtin (ku)
- Ladin: giajuné
- Latin: iēiūnō
- Latvian: gavēt
- Lithuanian: pasninkauti
- Macedonian: пости (posti)
- Malay: puasa (ms), berpuasa
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Maore Comorian: ufunga
- Maori: nohopuku
- Navajo: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian: faste (no)
- Occitan: junar (oc)
- Persian: روزه گرفتن (fa) (ruze gereftan)
- Plautdietsch: fausten
- Polish: pościć (pl)
- Portuguese: ficar de jejum, jejuar (pt)
- Romanian: ajuna (ro), posti (ro)
- Romansch: gigina, gigigna, gegüner, güner, gegünar
- Russian: пости́ться (ru) impf (postítʹsja), попости́ться (ru) pf (popostítʹsja), голода́ть (ru) impf (golodátʹ)
- Sardinian: geunare, ageunare, giunai, zaunare, dejunare, deinare, deunare, deunzare
- Scottish Gaelic: traisg
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: по̀стити
- Roman: pòstiti (sh)
- Slovene: postiti se
- Spanish: ayunar (es)
- Sundanese: please add this translation if you can
- Swahili: kufunga (sw)
- Swedish: fasta (sv)
- Tajik: рӯза гирифтан (rüza giriftan)
- Tamil: நோன்பிரு (nōṉpiru)
- Telugu: ఉపవాసం (te) (upavāsaṁ)
- Thai: อดอาหาร (òt aahăan)
- Tibetan: ཟས་གཅོད (zas gcod)
- Turkish: oruç tutmak (tr)
- Urdu: روزہ (roza)
- Uzbek: please add this translation if you can
- Venetian: dexunar, dezunar, dixunar, dizunar, xunar, zunar
- Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can
- Welsh: ymprydio (cy)
- Western Cham: عآء
- Yiddish: פֿאַסטן (fastn)
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Noun
fast (plural fasts)
- The act or practice of fasting, religious abstinence from food
- 1677 George Fox, The Hypocrites Fast and Feast Not God's Holy Day, p. 8 (paraphrasing Matthew 6:16-18).
- And is it not the Command of Christ, that in their Fast they should not appear unto men to fast?
1878, Joseph Bingham, The Antiquities of the Christian Church, volume 2, page 1182:anciently a change of diet was not reckoned a fast; but it consisted in a perfect abstinence from all sustenance for the whole day till evening.
- One of the fasting periods in the liturgical year
- 1662 Peter Gunning, The Holy Fast of Lent Defended Against All Its Prophaners: Or, a Discourse, Shewing that Lent-Fast was First Taught the World by the Apostles (1677 ), p. 13 (translation of the Paschal Epistle of Theophilus of Alexandria).
And so may we enter the Fasts at hand, beginning Lent the 30th. day of the Month Mechir
Derived terms
Translations
References
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin fāstus (“pride, arrogance”).
Pronunciation
Noun
fast m (plural fasts or fastos)
- pomp
- luxury
Related terms
Further reading
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
Pronunciation
Adjective
fast
- firm
- solid
- tight
- fixed
- permanent
- regular
Inflection
Inflection of fast
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Positive
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Comparative
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Superlative
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Indefinte common singular
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fast
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—
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—2
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Indefinite neuter singular
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fast
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—
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—2
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Plural
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faste
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—
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—2
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Definite attributive1
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faste
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—
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—
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1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
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Derived terms
Etymology 2
From German fast (“almost, nearly”).
Pronunciation
Adverb
fast
- (dated) almost, nearly
- Synonyms: næsten, omtrent
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Verb
fast
- imperative of faste
German
Etymology 1
From Old High German fasto, compare fest. Cognate with English adverb fast. Compare Dutch vast.
Pronunciation
Adverb
fast
- almost; nearly
- Synonyms: beinahe, knapp, nahezu
- Antonym: ganz
- Fast 60 Spielfilme sind zu sehen. ― There are almost 60 feature films to see.
- (in a negative clause) hardly
- Synonym: kaum
- (obsolete) extremely, very much
1545, Martin Luther et al., “Biblia”, in Gen 12:14, Hans Lufft:ALs nu Abram in Egypten kam / sahen die Egypter das Weib / das sie fast schön war.- Now as Abram came into Egypt, the Egyptians saw the woman, that she was extremely beautiful.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Verb
fast
- inflection of fasen:
- second/third-person singular present
- second-person plural present
- plural imperative
Further reading
Icelandic
Adverb
fast
- strongly, with force
- að slá einhvern fast ― to strike someone with force
See also
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English fæst.
Adverb
fast
- fast (quickly)
Descendants
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
Adjective
fast (neuter singular fast, definite singular and plural faste)
- solid, steady, firm, fixed, permanent
- fast telefon ― fixed phone
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
fast
- imperative of faste
References
- “fast” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology. Akin to English fast.
Pronunciation
Adjective
fast (indefinite singular fast, definite singular and plural faste, comparative fastare, indefinite superlative fastast, definite superlative fastaste)
- solid, steady, firm, fixed, permanent, stuck
Derived terms
References
- “fast” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *fastī, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
Adjective
fast
- solid, firm
Declension
Positive forms of fast
Strong declension
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gender
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masculine
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feminine
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neuter
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case
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singular
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plural
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singular
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plural
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singular
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plural
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nominative
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fast
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faste, fasta
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fast
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fasta
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fast
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fast, fasta
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accusative
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fastan, fasten
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fasta, faste
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fasta
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fasta
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fast
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fast, fasta
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genitive
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fastes, fastas
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fastaro, fastoro, fastero
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fastara, fastaro
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fastaro, fastoro, fastero
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fastes, fastas
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fastaro, fastoro, fastero
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dative
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fastumu, fastum, fastun, fastun, faston, fasten, fastan
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fastun, faston, fastum
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fastaro, fastaru, fastara
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fastun, faston
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fastumu, fastum, fastun, fastun, faston, fasten, fastan
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fastun, faston, fastum
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Weak declension
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gender
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masculine
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feminine
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neuter
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case
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singular
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plural
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singular
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plural
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singular
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plural
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nominative
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fasto, fasta
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faston, fastun
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fasta, faste
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faston, fastun, fastan
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fasta, faste
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faston, fastun
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accusative
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faston, fastan
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faston, fastun
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fastun, faston, fastan
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faston, fastun, fastan
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fasta, faste
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faston, fastun
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genitive
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fasten, fastan
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fastono, fasteno
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fastun, fastan, fasten
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fastono
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fasten, fastan
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fastono, fasteno
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dative
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faston, fasten, fastan
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faston, fastun
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fastun, fastan
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faston, fastun
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faston, fasten, fastan
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faston, fastun
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Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French faste.
Noun
fast n (uncountable)
- splendour, pomp
Declension
declension of fast (singular only)
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singular
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n gender
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indefinite articulation
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definite articulation
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nominative/accusative
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(un) fast
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fastul
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genitive/dative
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(unui) fast
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fastului
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vocative
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fastule
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Scottish Gaelic
Verb
fast (past dh'fhast, future fastaidh, verbal noun fastadh)
- Alternative form of fastaidh (“hire, employ”)
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish faster, from Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
Pronunciation
Adjective
fast
- caught (unable to move freely), captured
Bankrånaren är nu fast.- The bank robber has now been caught (by the police).
- fixed, fastened, unmoving
Ge mig en fast punkt, och jag skall flytta världen.- Give me one fixed spot, and I'll move the world.
- firm, solid (as opposed to liquid)
Den är för vattnig. Jag önskar att den hade en fastare konsistens.- It's too watery. I wish it had a firmer consistency.
fasta tillståndets fysik- solid state physics
- although (short form of fastän)
Det gick bra, fast de inte hade övat i förväg.- It went well, although they hadn't practiced in advance.
Declension
Related terms
Adverb
fast
- fixed, firmly, steadily (synonymous to the adjective)
- att sitta fast ― to be stuck
- att sätta fast ― to attach
- (obsolete) almost, nearly
- och hade bedrifvit underslef af fast otrolig omfattning ― and had committed embezzlement of an almost unbelievable extent.
Conjunction
fast
- although, even though
- Farsan löper också bra, fast inte lika fort. ― Dad also runs well, although not as fast.
Related terms
Anagrams