'ar

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaT (“to be born, to fall”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁaT (“to fall”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Verb

'ar (first-person singular active indicative a'ar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'ari, noun 'ara) (intransitive)

  1. to be born
  2. to emerge; to come out
  3. to happen
  4. to fall
  5. to embark
  6. to ascertain; to understand

Conjugation

    Conjugation of 'ar (intransitive, R-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative mo'ar
Causative-comitative ero'ar
Deverbals
-ba'e o'aryba'e
-sab(a) 'asaba / 'araba
-sar(a) 'asara / 'arara
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative a'ar ere'ar o'ar oro'ar îa'ar pe'ar
Permissive t'a'ar t'ere'ar t'o'ar t'oro'ar t'îa'ar ta pe'ar
Imperative e'ar pe'ar
Negative indicative n'a'ari n'ere'ari n'o'ari n'oro'ari n'îa'ari na pe'ari
Negative permissive t'a'ar umẽ t'ere'ar umẽ t'o'ar umẽ t'oro'ar umẽ t'îa'ar umẽ ta pe'ar umẽ
Negative imperative e'ar umẽ pe'ar umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative gûi'á e'á o'á oro'á îa'á pe'á
Negative gûi'are'yma e'are'yma o'are'yma oro'are'yma îa'are'yma pe'are'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative 'ara
Negative 'are'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe 'ari i 'ari oré 'ari îandé 'ari
Negative xe 'are'ymi i 'are'ymi oré 'are'ymi îandé 'are'ymi

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Nheengatu: wari

References

  1. ^ Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
  2. ^ Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da Silva (2010) Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
  3. ^ Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues (2007) “As consoantes do proto-tupí”, in Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues, Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral, editors, Línguas e culturas tupí‎, 1 edition, volume 1, Campinas: Curt Nimuendajú, pages 167–204

Further reading

Yola

Determiner

'ar

  1. Alternative form of aar (“their”)
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:
      At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.
      That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86
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