ár

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ɔaːɹ

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.

Noun

ár n (genitive singular árs, plural ár)

1. year

Declension

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).

Noun

ár f (genitive singular árar, plural árar)

1. oar

Declension

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːr
• Hyphenation: ár

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *arwa (“price, value”). Related to Proto-Finnic *arvo (“worth, value”) and possibly Erzya (arśems).

Noun

ár (plural árak)

2. price

   borsos ár ― an exorbitant price

   borsos ára van ― cost a pretty penny, cost an arm and a leg

3. (figuratively) cost (a negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur)

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Ugric *ϑarɜ (“temporary lake coming into being during flood”).

Noun

ár (usually uncountable, plural árak)

2. flood

   Synonyms: árvíz, áradás

3. high tide, flow (as opposed to the ebb)

   Synonym: dagály

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From the Proto-Finno-Ugric *ora (“awl”).

Noun

ár (plural árak)

2. awl (pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood)

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 4

From German Ar (“are”) and French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“threshing floor”).

Noun

ár (plural árak)

2. are (accepted SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

Related terms

References

Further reading

• ár in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
• (price): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (flood/flow): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (awl): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (are ): ár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

• rá

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /auːr/, /auːr̥/
• Rhymes: -auːr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airi. Cognates include: Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air, “early”), Old English ār and ærlice (English early).

Adverb

ár

1. early

Derived terms

• ár og síð

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.

Noun

ár n (genitive singular árs, nominative plural ár)

1. year
2. indefinite accusative singular of ár
3. indefinite nominative plural of ár
4. indefinite accusative plural of ár

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).

Noun

ár f (genitive singular árar, nominative plural árar)

1. oar

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ár f

1. inflection of á (“river”):
   1. indefinite genitive singular
   2. indefinite nominative plural
   3. indefinite accusative plural

References

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ar, from Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.

Pronunciation

• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/, /əɾˠ/, /ə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɛɾʲ/

Determiner

ár (triggers eclipsis)

1. our

   ár dteach ― our house

   Ár nAthair ― Our Father

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ár (“slaughter”), from Proto-Celtic *agros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρα (ágra, “hunt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

Noun

ár m (genitive singular áir)

1. slaughter, carnage
2. havoc, destruction

Declension

Derived terms

• páirc an áir
• mucár

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French are, from Latin area.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

Noun

ár m (genitive singular áir, nominative plural áir)

1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

Mutation

References

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ar (‘our’)”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ár (‘slaughter’)”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔaar. Cognates include Khumi Chin ae and Zou ah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːr˥/

Noun

ár

1. chicken

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *agrom (“slaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρᾱ (ágrā, “hunt”), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaⁱδī, “hunt”).

Noun

ár n (nominative plural ár or ára)

1. slaughter, carnage
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 34^a19

     donaib araib

     glosses ad strages

2. defeat, destruction
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 33^d4

     du ár

     glosses ad cedem

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 113^b4

     etarcnae áir mo namat

     glosses de cede hostium

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Irish: ár
• Manx: haar
• Scottish Gaelic: àr

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Pronunciation

• (9th century West Norse) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːr/
• (13th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈɒːr/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Norse ᛃ (j /⁠*āra⁠/, “plenty, abundance”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”). Cognate with Old English ġēar (English year), Old Frisian jār, Old Saxon jār, Old Dutch jār, Old High German jār, Gothic 𐌾𐌴𐍂 (jēr).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year”).

Noun

ár n (genitive árs, plural ár)

1. a year
   • Vǫluspá, verse 6, lines 9-10, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:

     undorn ok aptan, / árum at telja.

     undern and evening, / years to count.

2. plenty, abundance (especially of crops)
   • Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara 53, in 1832, R. Rask, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VII. Copenhagen, page 174:

     þvíat þá var bæði ár og friðr.

     since then there were both plenty and peace.

   1. the name of the A-rune

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Icelandic: ár
• Faroese: ár
• Norwegian Nynorsk: år
  • Russenorsk: aart
• Elfdalian: år
• Old Swedish: ār
  • Swedish: år, åra
• Old Danish: aar
  • Danish: år
    • Norwegian Bokmål: år

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”). Cognate with Old English ār, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air).

Adverb

ár (not comparable)

1. early, anciently
2. in early morning, at dawn

Derived terms

• árla
• árrisull (“inclined to rising early”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: ár, áður (áður may be from *airiz)
• Faroese: áður
• Norwegian Nynorsk: år
• Old Swedish: *ar
• ⇒ Old Norse: árla
  • Icelandic: árla
  • Faroese: árla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: årle; (dialectal) årla
  • Old Swedish: aarla, arla
    • Swedish: arla
  • Danish: årle
    • Norwegian Bokmål: årle

References

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old English ār.

Noun

ár f (genitive árar, plural árar)

1. oar

Declension

Descendants

• Icelandic: ár
• Faroese: ár
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: åre
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: år, åre
• Old Swedish: ār, āra
  • Swedish: åra
• Danish: åre
• → Kildin Sami: а̄ррьй (ārr’j)

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ár

1. genitive singular of of á
2. nominative plural of of á
3. accusative plural of á

References

• ár in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• ár in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.