ç
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Evolution of Visigothic ⟨ꝣ⟩ to modern ⟨ç⟩.
See also: Appendix:Variations of "c"
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Translingual
Etymology
From ⟨ꝣ⟩, the Visigothic form of the letter z, which resembled a C with a subscript z.
Pronunciation
(IPA symbol): (file)
Symbol
ç
- (IPA) a voiceless palatal fricative.
- (superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩, IPA) -fricated release of a plosive (e.g. or ), sometimes implying an affricate (e.g. ⟨cᶜ̧⟩ for ); -coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic .
Usage notes
A superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩ needs to be composed with a cedilla diacritic: U+1D9C ⟨ᶜ⟩ + U+0327 ⟨◌̧⟩.
Albanian
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (uppercase Ç)
- The fourth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
Letter
ç lower case (upper case Ç)
- The fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
Basque
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
Usage notes
- Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
- It is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of c.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Catalan
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
- c cedilla (the ce trencada, the letter c with a cedilla, used to represent /s/ before a, o or u; it is not considered a separate letter)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lletra; A a, À à, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, É é, È è, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, Ï ï, J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, Ò ò, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
French
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
Usage notes
- ⟨ç⟩ is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of ⟨c⟩. Accordingly it has the same value in alphabetical orders.
- It is used when a ⟨c⟩ is pronounced /s/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩. This happens mostly in derivatives and inflections. For example, français (“French”) derived from France, or commençons (“we begin”), inflected form of commencer. One of the fairly rare counterexamples would be façon (“way, fashion”).
Juǀ'hoan
Letter
ç
- (dated) the voiceless palatal click consonant, and the base of multigraphs for the other palatal clicks; now replaced with ⟨ǂ⟩.
Naro
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (upper case Ç)
- (dated) A letter of the Naro alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Portuguese
Etymology
C + Old Galician-Portuguese Ꝣ (“Visigothic z”).
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
Usage notes
Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a <c> pronounced /s/ occurs before <a>, <o> or <u> (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (Inflection) merecer ("to deserve", infinitive), mereça (imperative). (Etymology) maça from Latin mattia, massa from Latin massa (both /ˈmasa/). Never occurs word-initially.
Rohingya
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (upper case Ç)
- The fourth letter of the Rohingya alphabet, called çii and written in the Latin script.
See also
- 𐴍
- (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p (Q q), R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z
Romani
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
- (International Standard) Used to represent -ça.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ç-”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 15
Spanish
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
Usage notes
- Now replaced by the letter z.
Turkish
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (lower case, upper case Ç)
- The fourth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
Turkmen
Pronunciation
Letter
ç (upper case Ç)
- The third letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.