é
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"
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English
Letter
é
- Found chiefly in words borrowed from other languages. When it occurs as the last letter of the word, it indicates that the e is not silent.
Blin
Pronunciation
Letter
é (uppercase É)
Bourguignon
Etymology
From Old French el, contraction of en + lou. This form is now archaic and replaced by au from ài + lou, but may still be encountered in fixed sentences and proverbs.
Preposition
é
Usage notes
Now used mainly in fixed sentences and proverbs like laissai ailai le chait é formaige.
Related terms
References
- Vocabulaire raisonné et comparé du dialecte et du patois de la province de Bourgogne, by Thomas Mignard, 1870.
Czech
Pronunciation
Letter
é (lower case, upper case É)
Fala
Verb
é
Galician
Etymology 1
From Latin est, inflected form of sum.
Pronunciation
Verb
é
- is; third-person singular present indicative of ser
- Esta árbore é dereita coma un fuso.
- This tree is straight as a spindle.
Etymology 2
Verb
é
Hokkien
| For pronunciation and definitions of é – see 矮 (“short; low; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 矮). |
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Letter
é (lower case, upper case É)
- The tenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called é and written in the Latin script.
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | é | é-k |
| accusative | é-t | é-ket |
| dative | é-nek | é-knek |
| instrumental | é-vel | é-kkel |
| causal-final | é-ért | é-kért |
| translative | é-vé | é-kké |
| terminative | é-ig | é-kig |
| essive-formal | é-ként | é-kként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | é-ben | é-kben |
| superessive | é-n | é-ken |
| adessive | é-nél | é-knél |
| illative | é-be | é-kbe |
| sublative | é-re | é-kre |
| allative | é-hez | é-khez |
| elative | é-ből | é-kből |
| delative | é-ről | é-kről |
| ablative | é-től | é-ktől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
é-é | é-ké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
é-éi | é-kéi |
| Possessive forms of é | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | é-m | é-im |
| 2nd person sing. | é-d | é-id |
| 3rd person sing. | é-je | é-i |
| 1st person plural | é-nk | é-ink |
| 2nd person plural | é-tek | é-itek |
| 3rd person plural | é-jük | é-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- é in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- é in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case É)
- The seventh letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish é, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
é (emphatic form eisean, disjunctive)
See also
Irish personal pronouns
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E | |
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case É)
- The letter e with an acute accent, called é fada (literally “long e”)
Noun
é
- The name of the Latin-script letter e.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
- (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
- (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ
- (Latin-script letter names) litir; á, bé, cé, dé, é, eif, gé, héis, í, jé, cá, eil, eim, ein, ó, pé, cú, ear, eas, té, ú, vé, wae, ex, yé, zae
- Note: The English names are also widely used by Irish speakers.
Mutation
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| é | n-é | hé | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Italian
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case É)
- The letter ⟨e⟩ in a stressed final syllable when pronounced /e/.
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and é for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
é (lower case, upper case É)
- The eighth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż
Ligurian
Verb
é
- third-person singular present indicative of êse; “ is”
Lote
Numeral
é
Synonyms
References
- Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)
Mandarin
Alternative forms
- e — nonstandard
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 俄
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 囫
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 娥
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峨
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 枙
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 涐
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 珴
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皒
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 睋
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 硪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磀
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 莪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蛾
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 訛／讹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誐／𰵮
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 譌／𰵑
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 讹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 迗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈋／𨱂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鋧／𰽢
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 锄
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 隲
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 頟／额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 額／额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 騀／𱅗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 魤
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵝／鹅
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵞／鹅
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鹅
Muong
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛh. Cognate with Vietnamese ỉa (“to shit”).
In Mường Bi (and pretty much all Muong lects, per Ngữ âm tiếng Mường qua các phương ngôn), this word is both a verb and a noun, unlike the Vietnamese word, which is strictly verbal. The cognate of Vietnamese cứt seems to be lost in all Muong lects.
Pronunciation
Verb
é
- (Mường Bi) to take a shit
Noun
é
- (Mường Bi) shit
References
- Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary), Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội
Narua
Pronoun
é
Declension
| NOM | é |
|---|---|
| ACC | alum |
| DAT | ékégébé |
| ABL | ékégélo |
| GEN | ékégé |
| COM | ékégélékobé |
Noon
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case É)
- A letter of the Noon alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Old Galician-Portuguese
Pronunciation
Verb
é
- third-person singular present indicative of seer
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, To codex, cantiga 5 (facsimile):
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
- This 19th is about how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer through the great pains she underwent.
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *es or *ēs, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronoun
é (feminine sí, neuter ed, emphatic ésom)
- he
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4c3
- Is hé as airchinnech inna n-uile.
- It is he who is the chief of all.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4c3
- it (referring to a masculine noun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- It is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *eyes (nom. pl.) or *ens (acc. pl.) (compare Middle Welsh wy), from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronoun
é (emphatic ésom)
- they
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a8
- Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.
- It is not fleshly sins that are paid for there now, though it was they before.
- Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a8
Old Spanish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Conjunction
é
Descendants
Picard
Etymology
From Old French ef, from Latin apem.
Noun
é f (plural és)
- bee
- Ch’est unne é
- It’s a bee
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- he (obsolete)
Verb
é
Etymology 2
Noun
é m (plural és)
- e (name of the letter E, e)
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
Interjection
é
- that’s right; yes; yeah; indicates agreement
- É, eu fiz isso.
- Yeah, I did that.
- erm; um; used in hesitant speech
Alternative forms
Rawang
Verb
é
- hey, hi, you knowǃ.
- Bøø̀ go mvshìé.
- The snake is still alive.
Prefix
é
- marker of speech act participant involvement, but speaker is not actor.
Slovene
Etymology 1
Letter e with acute (◌́) to signify long close-mid stressed vowel.
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case, lower case é)
- Additional letter, used to denote the long stress on close-mid e.
Symbol
é
- (non-tonal SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound .
Etymology 2
Letter e with acute (◌́) to signify long low-pitched vowel.
Pronunciation
- (sound): IPA(key): /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /akutìːrani ʃirɔ̀ːki èː/, /akutìːrani ʃirɔ̀ːki éː/ (akutirani široki e)
- Rhymes: -eː
Symbol
é
- (tonal SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound .
Etymology 3
Letter e with acute (◌́) to signify short vowel.
Pronunciation
Letter
é (lower case, usually not in upper case)
- (Natisone Valley dialect) Additional letter, used in some words to denote the short stress on e.
Etymology 4
Letter e with acute (◌́) to signify stressed vowel.
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case, lower case é)
- (Resian) Additional letter, used to denote stress on e.
See also
References
- Toporišič, Jože (2000) Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. (in Slovene), Maribor: Obzorja, →ISBN
- Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP
- Špehonja, Nino (2012) Nediška gramatika (in Italian), Poligrafice San Marco
Spanish
Conjunction
é
Swedish
Pronunciation
Letter
é
- Form of e, used to mark that the letter is long and fully stressed.
Usage notes
- Although this is considered a variant of e and is not an independent letter in the Swedish alphabet, it distinguishes a few words such as idé (“idea”) and ide (“place of hibernation”).
Further reading
é on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia sv
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Noun
(classifier cây, hạt, hột) é • (薏)
- (botany) lemon basil
- bé như hột é ― very small (literally, “as small as a lemon basil seed”)
Welsh
Pronunciation
Letter
é (upper case É)
- The letter E, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.