ér

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -eːr

Etymology 1

ér (1)
ér (2)

From Proto-Uralic *särä. Cognates include Northern Mansi та̄р (tār, root).

Noun

ér (plural erek)

  1. (anatomy) blood vessel (artery, vein, or capillary)
  2. (botany) vein (a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ér erek
accusative eret ereket
dative érnek ereknek
instrumental érrel erekkel
causal-final érért erekért
translative érré erekké
terminative érig erekig
essive-formal érként erekként
essive-modal
inessive érben erekben
superessive eren ereken
adessive érnél ereknél
illative érbe erekbe
sublative érre erekre
allative érhez erekhez
elative érből erekből
delative érről erekről
ablative értől erektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
éré ereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
éréi erekéi
Possessive forms of ér
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. erem ereim
2nd person sing. ered ereid
3rd person sing. ere erei
1st person plural erünk ereink
2nd person plural eretek ereitek
3rd person plural erük ereik
Derived terms
Compound words

Etymology 2

ér (Etymology 2)

Controversial origin:

Noun

ér (plural erek)

  1. brook, streamlet, rill
    Hypernym: folyóvíz
    Coordinate terms: csermely, patak, folyó, folyam
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ér erek
accusative eret ereket
dative érnek ereknek
instrumental érrel erekkel
causal-final érért erekért
translative érré erekké
terminative érig erekig
essive-formal érként erekként
essive-modal
inessive érben erekben
superessive eren ereken
adessive érnél ereknél
illative érbe erekbe
sublative érre erekre
allative érhez erekhez
elative érből erekből
delative érről erekről
ablative értől erektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
éré ereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
éréi erekéi
Possessive forms of ér
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. erem ereim
2nd person sing. ered ereid
3rd person sing. ere erei
1st person plural erünk ereink
2nd person plural eretek ereitek
3rd person plural erük ereik
Derived terms
Compound words

Etymology 3

Uncertain; perhaps from a Turkic language, compare Uyghur (är-), Chagatai (ir-), Turkish er- (to reach) verb forms. The second main meaning derives from the first, ér (to reach).

Verb

ér

  1. (heading) To reach or extend until a point.
    1. (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (lative suffixes)
      Synonyms: odaér, elér, érkezik, megérkezik, jut, eljut
      • 1863, János Arany, Buda halála, canto 6:
        Értek vala éjszakára / Kur vizének a partjára; / Folyóvíznek partja mellett / Paripájok jól legelhet.
        They find themselves as daylight sinks / where Kur’s broad waters sweep and swell. / On meadows by the river-brinks / their weary steeds may pasture well.
    2. (intransitive) to touch something (lative suffixes)
      A fa ága a vízhez ér.The branch of the tree touches the water.
      Synonyms: hozzáér, érint, megérint, érintkezik, nyúl, (the latter two can only apply to deliberate action) hozzányúl
    3. (intransitive) to reach, stretch, extend as far as something (-ig) (to be long or deep or high enough)
      A szekrény a falig ér.The wardrobe extends as far as the wall.
      A víz a derekamig ér.The water comes / rises up to my waist.
    4. (transitive) to hit, strike, afflict someone; meet with, be faced with something (of a disaster or sometimes luck)
      A szomszédomat baleset érte.My neighbor had / met with an accident.
    5. (transitive) to catch someone (to discover unexpectedly; to surprise)
      Synonym: rajtakap
      • 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina , Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 7:
        Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.
        There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.
    6. (transitive) to be able to use something (-val/-vel) meaningfully, to be of use to someone
      Synonyms: kezd, megy
      Mit érek húsz forinttal?What can I do with twenty forints? What use can twenty forints be to me?
  2. (heading) To have some value or validity.
    1. (transitive) to be worth something
      Ez a cipő húszezer forintot ér.This pair of shoes is worth twenty thousand forints.
    2. to count, to be fair (to be legal according to the rules of a game)
      Synonyms: érvényes, szabályos
Usage notes
Conjugation
Derived terms
For the first main meaning: to reach or extend until a point

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions
For the second main meaning: to have some value or validity

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

See also

References

  1. ^ ér² in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 207, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)
  2. ^ ér¹ in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 206, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)

Further reading

  • (blood vessel; streamlet): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to reach; to have value): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • ér in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Anagrams

Mandarin

Alternative forms

  • ernonstandard

Romanization

ér (er2, Zhuyin ㄦˊ)

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Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. The vowel change of long ī to long é is due to West Norse R-umlaut, caused by the Proto-Germanic -z, which in Proto-Norse changed to a -R sound, before merging with regular r. The East Norse form is thus ír.

Pronoun

ér (Old West Norse)

  1. you (plural); ye

Declension


Descendants

  • Old West Norse: þér (← hafið ér)
    • Icelandic: þér
    • Faroese: tær
    • Old Swedish: þær, þæ