étoffer

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French estoffer, from Old French estoffer, estofer (“to provide what is needed, equip, decorate”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn (“to stuff”). Doublet of stopper.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /e.tɔ.fe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

étoffer

  1. to stuff (a pillow, food)
    Synonyms: confectionner, farcir
  2. (furniture) to upholster
  3. (clothing) to fill out
  4. to pad out; to flesh out (give something more substance)
    Synonym: enrichir
  5. (reflexive, also figurative) to fill out (to get plumper)
    Je grandis, je grossis, je m’étoffe.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 2009 February 4, Claire Gatinois, “Hans Beck, créateur des figurines en plastique Playmobil”, in Le monde‎, archived from the original on 2009-02-05:
      L’univers de Playmobil s’est étoffé : animaux de la ferme, camions de pompiers, bateaux pirates… Une "ville Playmobil" a même été créée, à 10 kilomètres de Nuremberg.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of étoffer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple étoffer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple étoffant
/e.tɔ.fɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle étoffé
/e.tɔ.fe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étoffe
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffes
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffe
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffons
/e.tɔ.fɔ̃/ 		étoffez
/e.tɔ.fe/ 		étoffent
/e.tɔf/
imperfect étoffais
/e.tɔ.fɛ/ 		étoffais
/e.tɔ.fɛ/ 		étoffait
/e.tɔ.fɛ/ 		étoffions
/e.tɔ.fjɔ̃/ 		étoffiez
/e.tɔ.fje/ 		étoffaient
/e.tɔ.fɛ/
past historic2 étoffai
/e.tɔ.fe/ 		étoffas
/e.tɔ.fa/ 		étoffa
/e.tɔ.fa/ 		étoffâmes
/e.tɔ.fam/ 		étoffâtes
/e.tɔ.fat/ 		étoffèrent
/e.tɔ.fɛʁ/
future étofferai
/e.tɔ.fʁe/ 		étofferas
/e.tɔ.fʁa/ 		étoffera
/e.tɔ.fʁa/ 		étofferons
/e.tɔ.fʁɔ̃/ 		étofferez
/e.tɔ.fʁe/ 		étofferont
/e.tɔ.fʁɔ̃/
conditional étofferais
/e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ 		étofferais
/e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ 		étofferait
/e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ 		étofferions
/e.tɔ.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		étofferiez
/e.tɔ.fə.ʁje/ 		étofferaient
/e.tɔ.fʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étoffe
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffes
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffe
/e.tɔf/ 		étoffions
/e.tɔ.fjɔ̃/ 		étoffiez
/e.tɔ.fje/ 		étoffent
/e.tɔf/
imperfect2 étoffasse
/e.tɔ.fas/ 		étoffasses
/e.tɔ.fas/ 		étoffât
/e.tɔ.fa/ 		étoffassions
/e.tɔ.fa.sjɔ̃/ 		étoffassiez
/e.tɔ.fa.sje/ 		étoffassent
/e.tɔ.fas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — étoffe
/e.tɔf/ 		— étoffons
/e.tɔ.fɔ̃/ 		étoffez
/e.tɔ.fe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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