étouper

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French

Etymology

Recorded in Old French as estoper, estuper. From Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa. Equivalent to étoupe +‎ -er. Compare Occitan estopar, Italian stoppare, Old Spanish estopar; cf. also Romanian astupa, Romansh stuppar, Venetian stupar, Sicilian stuppari.

Pronunciation

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Verb

étouper

  1. to caulk (block using oakum or by extension another similar material)

Conjugation

Conjugation of étouper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple étouper
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple étoupant
/e.tu.pɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle étoupé
/e.tu.pe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étoupe
/e.tup/ 		étoupes
/e.tup/ 		étoupe
/e.tup/ 		étoupons
/e.tu.pɔ̃/ 		étoupez
/e.tu.pe/ 		étoupent
/e.tup/
imperfect étoupais
/e.tu.pɛ/ 		étoupais
/e.tu.pɛ/ 		étoupait
/e.tu.pɛ/ 		étoupions
/e.tu.pjɔ̃/ 		étoupiez
/e.tu.pje/ 		étoupaient
/e.tu.pɛ/
past historic2 étoupai
/e.tu.pe/ 		étoupas
/e.tu.pa/ 		étoupa
/e.tu.pa/ 		étoupâmes
/e.tu.pam/ 		étoupâtes
/e.tu.pat/ 		étoupèrent
/e.tu.pɛʁ/
future étouperai
/e.tu.pʁe/ 		étouperas
/e.tu.pʁa/ 		étoupera
/e.tu.pʁa/ 		étouperons
/e.tu.pʁɔ̃/ 		étouperez
/e.tu.pʁe/ 		étouperont
/e.tu.pʁɔ̃/
conditional étouperais
/e.tu.pʁɛ/ 		étouperais
/e.tu.pʁɛ/ 		étouperait
/e.tu.pʁɛ/ 		étouperions
/e.tu.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		étouperiez
/e.tu.pə.ʁje/ 		étouperaient
/e.tu.pʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étoupe
/e.tup/ 		étoupes
/e.tup/ 		étoupe
/e.tup/ 		étoupions
/e.tu.pjɔ̃/ 		étoupiez
/e.tu.pje/ 		étoupent
/e.tup/
imperfect2 étoupasse
/e.tu.pas/ 		étoupasses
/e.tu.pas/ 		étoupât
/e.tu.pa/ 		étoupassions
/e.tu.pa.sjɔ̃/ 		étoupassiez
/e.tu.pa.sje/ 		étoupassent
/e.tu.pas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — étoupe
/e.tup/ 		— étoupons
/e.tu.pɔ̃/ 		étoupez
/e.tu.pe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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Further reading

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