étrum

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Old Irish

Etymology

From é- (“un-”) +‎ trom (“heavy”), literally “unheavy”.

Pronunciation

Adjective

étrum (comparative étrummu)

  1. light (not heavy)
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20a19
      .i. cid etrum aicned ind reto dia·tormastar a mét do·gní trumai ndo iarum in met-sin.
      Although the nature of the thing may be light, if its quantity should be increased, that quantity causes heaviness to it afterwards.
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 10a8
      .c .t .p. is airi as·bertar étrumma ⁊ slemna huare nád·techtad tinfeth.
      C, T, and P are thus called "light" and "smooth" because they have no aspiration.

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative étrum étrum étrum
Vocative étruimm*
étrum**
Accusative étrum étruimm
Genitive étruimm étruimme étruimm
Dative étrum étruimm étrum
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative étruimm étrumma
Vocative étrummu
étrumma†
Accusative étrummu
étrumma†
Genitive étrum
Dative étrummaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: étrom

Mutation

Mutation of étrum
radical lenition nasalization
étrum
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-étrum

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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