íaru

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Old Irish

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *wiweros.[1] Alternatively, an "individualising" n-stem meaning "swift one", derived from Proto-Celtic *isaros (“swift”) (a word attested in the names of many rivers in Europe[2]), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ish₂ro-, for which compare Sanskrit इषिर (iṣirá-, “swift”) and Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural”).[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

íaru f (genitive íarann, nominative plural íaranna)

  1. squirrel, stoat

Inflection

Feminine n-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative íaru íarainnL íarainn, íaranna
Vocative íaru íarainnL íarnaH
Accusative íarainnN íarainnL íarnaH
Genitive íarann íarannL íarannN
Dative íarainnL, íaruL íarnaib íarnaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: iora
  • Scottish Gaelic: feòrag
  • Manx: fiorag

Mutation

Mutation of íaru
radical lenition nasalization
íaru unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2011 December) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović‎, Zagreb, page 43
  2. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “isara”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 192
  3. ^ Sabine Ziegler (2002) “Altirisch íaru, das 'flinke' Eichhörnchen”, in Matthias Fritz, Susanne Zeilfelder, editors, Novalis Indogermanica: Festschrift für Günter Neumann zum 80. Geburtstag, Graz: Leykam, →ISBN, pages 537-39

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia