îuká

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See also: Iuka

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juka.[1] By surface analysis, îura (“neck”) +‎ ká (“to break”).[2]

Cognate with Guaraní juka.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /juˈka/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: îu‧ká

Noun

îuká (possessable)

  1. verbal noun of îuká

Verb

îuká (first-person singular active indicative aîuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukáî, gerund îukábo, noun îuká) (transitive)

  1. to kill
    • 1622, anonymous author, “Matar como quer”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 33; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
      Aporojucâ.
      [Aporoîuká.]
      I kill people.
  2. to break
    Synonym: ká

Conjugation

    Conjugation of îuká (transitive, Î-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative îukaukar
Causative-comitative eroîuká
Reflexive îeîuká
Deverbals
-ba'e oîukaba'e
emi- emiîuká／miîuká
-pyr(a) i îukapyra
-sab(a) îukasaba
-sar(a) îukasara
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative aîuká ereîuká oîuká oroîuká îaîuká peîuká
Permissive t'aîuká t'ereîuká t'oîuká t'oroîuká t'îaîuká ta peîuká
Imperative eîuká peîuká
Negative indicative n'aîukáî n'ereîukáî n'oîukáî n'oroîukáî n'îaîukáî na peîukáî
Negative permissive t'aîuká umẽ t'ereîuká umẽ t'oîuká umẽ t'oroîuká umẽ t'îaîuká umẽ ta peîuká umẽ
Negative imperative eîuká umẽ peîuká umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative îuká
Negative îukae'yma
Gerund
Affirmative xe îukábo nde îukábo i îukábo oré îukábo îandé îukábo pe îukábo
Negative xe îukae'yma nde îukae'yma i îukae'yma oré îukae'yma îandé îukae'yma pe îukae'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe îukáû i îukáû oré îukáû îandé îukáû
Negative xe îukae'ymi i îukae'ymi oré îukae'ymi îandé îukae'ymi

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Nheengatu: iuká
  • → Portuguese: jucá

References

  1. ^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 168, line 3
  2. ^ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “îuká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 197, column 2
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