đây

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "day"

Tày

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”).

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Tai Dam ꪒꪲ, Tai Dón ꪒꪲ, Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī), Bouyei ndil, Zhuang ndei, Thai ดี (dii).

Compare Sui qdail (“good”), Southern Kam lail (“good”).

Adjective

đây (低)

  1. good
    dú đây ― to live well
    nà đây ― good crops
    heng phuối đây ― nice voice
    mốc slẩy đây ― kind (literally good stomach)
    吟低否叭󰝣𣅃𪾦招免难
    Cằm đây bấu khảu xu, pjục lừ chàu me̱n na̱n.
    If you don't listen to wise words, you'll soon be in trouble.
  2. beautiful
    cần đây ― beautiful person
    đây báo ― handsome
  3. obverse
    pạng đây piếng phải ― the obverse of a piece of cloth
    pạng đây bâu slửa ― the obverse of a shirt

Verb

đây

  1. to be no longer sick because of an illness
    Khẩy đây dá
    I'm well.

Adverb

đây

  1. surely; certainly
    ru̱ng đây ― certainly brighter
  2. completely; absolutely
    Đăm đây xằng?
    Is it completely dark yet?
  3. thoroughly
    slúc đây ― thoroughly cooked

Particle

đây

  1. particle that expresses ability, possibility
    Phuối tỉnh đây.
    Sounds good.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Particle

đây

  1. (used sentence-finally) that's all; merely; only; just
    Mà liê̱u đây.
    Let's come play.

References

  • Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
  • Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Pronoun

đây • (低, 底)

  1. this place here
    Tôi là ai? Đây là đâu!?
    Who am I? Where am I!?
    Mày ở đâu ?
    Đây, bên tay trái mày nè !
    Where are you?
    Here, to your left!
  2. this thing/person
    Đây là phòng ngủ.
    This is the bedroom.

Usage notes

The demonstrative pronoun đây ("here, this") denotes a place, person or thing close to the speaker. When denoting a place, đây refers to either a location or a movement to the location.

Ông ấy làm việc ở đây hai mươi năm rồi. ― He has been working here for twenty years. (location)
Lại đây xem cái này. ― Come here and look at this. (movement to the location)

The destination for đi in the "đi + preposition + destination" construction can be expressed by đây ("here") and is treated as a noun.

Đây can serve as the subject of the sentence containing the predicate noun.

Đây là cô Hà. ― This is Miss Hà.

Particle

đây

  1. emphasizes the very thing or person here
    Chính hắn đây chứ không ai khác.
    It's him and no one else.
  2. forms a question expressing uncertainty or doubt
    Biết làm sao đây.
    Ah geez, what am I gonna do now?
  3. Sentence-final particle used to point out a place or an event the speaker wants to stress. The place or event can be seen at the moment of speaking.
    Máy bay gặp tai nạn ở chỗ này đây.
    The airplane crashed right in this place.
  4. sentence-final particle used to refer to the speaker's idea or feeling of existence or presence of something without certain proof
    Chị ấy chắc có chuyện gì không vui đây.
    I believe she is unhappy with something.

Derived terms

Derived terms

See also

Vietnamese demonstratives
Proximal
(*-iː) 		Distal 1
(*-iːʔ) 		Distal 2
(*-əːʔ) 		Distal 3/
Remote
(*-ɔːʔ) 		Interrogative
(rime was a rounded
back vowel)
Place, attributive1
n- 		ni
nì
này/nầy
nây 		nấy nớ nọ
(nó) 		nào
Place, nominal2
đ- 		đây đấy
(ấy) 		— đó đâu
Manner
r- 		ri
rày 		— rứa — ru
sao3
Extent 14
b- 		bây bấy — — bao
Extent 25
v- 		vầy vậy — — —
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language).
2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”).
3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”).
5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
Visibility/evidentiality6
Distal
(ngang) 		Remote
(huyền)
Northern-Southern kia
(cơ) 		kìa
(cờ)
Central tê tề
6 Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943).
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