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Cognate with Lithuanianérkė, from Proto-Baltic*erkyā- (with er̄ > ē:r), of disputed origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European*h₁er-(“to tear, to pierce”) (whence also ērkšķis(“thorn”), q.v.) with an extra -(e)k. The original meaning would then have been “one who pierces, tears.” Possible Indo-European cognates include Sanskritऋक्षरः(r̥kṣaraḥ, “sting, thorn, spike”), रक्षः(rákṣaḥ, “harm”), Ancient Greekἐρέχτω(erékhtō, “to tear, to claw”), Latinricinus(“tick”).[1] However, the velar consonants do not all match, and assuming separate extensions is unparsimonious. See also Proto-Slavic*ràkъ ~ *òrkъ(“crayfish”),[2] which along with the Baltic cognates may point to substrate origin.[3]
kamēr zirgs dzēra, zemniek izrāva ērci, kas bija piezīdušies kaklam ― while the horse drank, the farmer removed the tick that had been sucking at the (horse's) neck
atgulās tīfu var pārnest arī ērces ― also mites can transmit typhus
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*òrkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374
^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1997) “rokis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas (in Lithuanian), volume 4, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, page 31
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