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1991, Rosie Ayliffe, Marc Dubin, John Gawthrop, Turkey (The Real Guides), Prentice Hall Press, →ISBN, pages 84 and 178:
The main attraction are the tiles: over twenty thousand of them, constituting such a tall order that the İznik kilns were practically exhausted. Still in evidence are the clear bright colors of the best period of late sixteenth-century İznik ware, including flower and tree panels as well as more abstract designs. […] It’s hard to believe that İZNİK, a somnolent farming community at the east end of the lake of the same name, was once the seat of empires and scene of desperate battles.
In 1204, when Istanbul was conquered by the armies of the Fourth Crusade and Byzantine rule came to an end, İznik fell to the lot of Louis de Blois, one of the Crusading knights. But Theodoros Laskaris I (1204-1222) who was trying to revive the Byzantine State, captured İznik and founded an empire here.
1998, John Freely, edited by Brian Johnson and C. H. Brown, Turkey Around the Marmara, SEV, page 139:
ISTANBUL TO BURSA VIA İZNİK
2000, The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation: Culture and Arts, Yeni Türkiye, translation of original by Kemal Çiçek, Ercüment Kuran, Nejat Göyünç, İlber Ortaylı, and Güler Eren, →ISBN:
The first of the excavations set up in 1963 in İznik, managed by Prof. Dr. Oktay Aslanapa, discovered outside the city walls, in the ruins of the Orhan İmaret two types of hexagonal wall tiles made of red clay.
2002, Archaeometry 98: Proceedings of the 31st Symposium, Budapest, April 26 - May 3 1998, volume II, Archaeopress, →ISBN, page 621:
CHARACTERIZATION OF İZNIK CERAMICS
2002, The Turks: Middle Ages, translation of original by Hasan Celal Güzel, Cem Oğuz, and Osman Karatay, page 437, column 1:
In this case, it would not be wrong to say that Bozan had come to İznik in the middle or maybe at the second half of that year (1092). Also, Emir Bozan came to İznik, he made many attacks against the city to conquer it by force.
The actual text of his 1340 letter, written to the same community in İznik whom two years earlier the Patriarch had allowed to remain covertly Christian (even if they had become overtly Muslims), reads:[…]
2003, Adam Peck, Manja Sachet, Turkey Guide, Open Road Publishing, →ISBN, page 295:
In the aftermath, İznik was sacked and partially destroyed, its population massacred.
Even before his datable victory over Byzantine forces in 1301, Osman seems to have assumed control of lands lying between his father’s pastures around Söğüt and İznik although he failed, despite a lengthy siege between 1299 and 1301, to take İznik itself.
2006, George N. Vlahakis, Isabel Maria Malaquias, Nathan M. Brooks, François Regourd, Feza Gunergun, David Wright, “Science in the Ottoman World”, in Imperialism and Science: Social Impact and Interaction, ABC-Clio, →ISBN, page 71:
One of the leading Turkish warriors, Osman Bey (1258–1326), laid siege to İznik (Nicea), the former Byzantine capital.
Later finds, however, from the excavations and research on İznik in particular, suggested that these ceramics were produced in İznik. Various examples of “Miletus-ware” ceramics are displayed in Bursa and İznik museums.
The earliest examples provided the inspiration for Turkey’s indigenous ceramic production at İznik(see p163). Examples of İznik tiles can be seen on the walls of Topkapı Palace and in the city’s mosques. İznik tiles and also pottery are on display in the Tiled Kiosk Museum, in the Archaeological Museums complex, and at the Sadberk Hanım Museum.
2014, Songul Mecit, The Rum Seljuqs: Evolution of a Dynasty, Routledge, →ISBN:
The author claims that Sulaymān then conquered Byzantine territory as far as İznik as a result of his war against the unbelievers and that he made them his tributaries. The anonymous author seems to have had a source at his disposal containing information on İznik but he does not elaborate on how Sulaymān conquered the Byzantine territories.
İZNIK / 190 km (118 miles) from Istanbul.[…]İznik tile makers believe that their tiles have magical properties. There is one sound explanation for this (alongside any number of unsound ones): İzink tiles, made from soil that’s found only in the area, have a high level of quartz, an element believed to have soothing effects. It’s not just the level of quartz that makes İznik tiles unique, though.
