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šꜣ. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
šꜣ, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
šꜣ in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
šꜣ you have here. The definition of the word
šꜣ will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Noun
m
- field
- countryside
- swamp where birds or fish can be caught
Inflection
Declension of šꜣ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ
Noun
m
- boar, wild pig
Inflection
Declension of šꜣ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ
Verb
2-lit. or 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to put in order, to establish, to decree, to determine
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:
- ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt
- In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.
- (transitive) to decide
Inflection
Conjugation of šꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
šꜣ
|
šꜣw, šꜣ
|
šꜣt
|
šꜣ, j.šꜣ
|
šꜣ, j.šꜣ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
šꜣ
|
ḥr šꜣ
|
m šꜣ
|
r šꜣ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šꜣ.n
|
šꜣw, šꜣ
|
consecutive
|
šꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
šꜣt
|
| perfective3
|
šꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
šꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
šꜣ, j.šꜣ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
šꜣ
|
šꜣꜣ
|
potentialis1
|
šꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
šꜣ, j.šꜣ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
šꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
šꜣ
|
šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj6, šꜣ2, šꜣw2 5, šꜣy2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.šꜣ1, šꜣ, šꜣy, šꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.šꜣ1, j.šꜣw1 5, šꜣ, šꜣj6, šꜣy6
|
šꜣ, šꜣw5
|
| prospective
|
šꜣ, šꜣtj7
|
—
|
šꜣtj4, šꜣt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Allen instead apparently treats this as a 3ae-inf. verb šꜣj:
Conjugation of šꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
šꜣt, šꜣj
|
šꜣw, šꜣ
|
šꜣt, šꜣwt, šꜣyt
|
šꜣ
|
šꜣ, šꜣy
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šꜣ.n
|
šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy
|
consecutive
|
šꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
šꜣt, šꜣyt
|
| perfective3
|
šꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
šꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
šꜣ, šꜣy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy
|
šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy
|
potentialis1
|
šꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
šꜣ, šꜣy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
šꜣw1, šꜣy, šꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
šꜣ
|
šꜣy, šꜣ
|
| imperfective
|
šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣy, šꜣꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj6, šꜣꜣy6
|
šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣw5
|
| prospective
|
šꜣw1, šꜣy, šꜣ, šꜣtj7
|
—
|
šꜣwtj1 4, šꜣtj4, šꜣt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
References
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 260–261
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 254, 374.
