šis

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic *š regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian šìs, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)

1. (used as a determiner) this

   šis ūdens ir netīrs ― this water is dirty

   šī izrāde bija ļoti interesanta ― this show was very interesting

   šai miglā es nekā neredzu! ― in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!

2. (used as a pronoun) this, this one

   šis ir zirgs ― this is a horse

   šī ir vista ― this is a chicken

   šis nekā neatbildēja ― this one (= person) answered nothing

Declension

Derived terms

• šobrīd
• šodien
• šovakar

Related terms

• šāds
• šeit

References

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Pronoun

šìs (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)

1. (used as a determiner) this

   šìs vanduõ yrà pur̃vinas ― this water is dirty

   šì laidà bùvo labaĩ į̃domi ― this TV show was very interesting

   šiamè rūkè àš negaliù nematýti! ― I can't see anything in this fog!

Declension

Derived terms

• šįvakar
• šiąnakt