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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
4ae inf.
- Synonym of špss (“to be(come) noble or splendid”)
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48:
- gm.n.j dꜣbw jꜣrrt jm jꜣqt nbt špst
- I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.
Inflection
Conjugation of špsj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: šps
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šps.n
|
špsw, šps, špsy
|
consecutive
|
šps.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
špst
|
| perfective3
|
šps
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
šps.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
šps, špsy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
špsw, šps, špsy
|
šps
|
potentialis1
|
šps.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
šps, špsy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šps.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
špsw1, špsy, šps
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
šps
|
špsy, šps
|
| imperfective
|
šps, špsy, špsw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
šps, špsj6, špsy6
|
šps, špsw5
|
| prospective
|
špsw1, špsy, šps, špstj7
|
—
|
špswtj1 4, špstj4, špst4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of špsj
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 470.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 129
