From a (no longer extant) verb žirgt (“to liven up, to fresehn up”) (the r follows the pattern of stingt (“to harden, stiffen”), stingrs (“firm, strong, strict”)), from Proto-Baltic *žirgt(e)y, from *žerg-, *žirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to shine, to glow”) with an extra -g (without this -g, this stem yielded Lithuanian žìrti (“to sparkle”)). In Latvian, the Proto-Baltic initial ž was conserved, maybe for onomatopoeic expressive reasons; note that the (possibly) related term zirgs (“horse”) has the expected initial z. The meaning changed from “(that which) shines, glows” to “happy, cheerful, joyous” and finally “lively, brisk, alert.”[1]
žirgts (definite žirgtais, comparative žirgtāks, superlative visžirgtākais, adverb žirgti)
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | žirgts | žirgti | žirgta | žirgtas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | žirgtu | žirgtus | žirgtu | žirgtas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | žirgta | žirgtu | žirgtas | žirgtu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | žirgtam | žirgtiem | žirgtai | žirgtām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | žirgtu | žirgtiem | žirgtu | žirgtām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | žirgtā | žirgtos | žirgtā | žirgtās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||