Τίγρης
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See also: τίγρης
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (t-i-g-r-a /Tigrā/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdiqlat) from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdigna, ÍDIdigina, literally “fast as an arrow”), because Tigris is rough and fast flowing compared to the neighboring Euphrates. Compare with Classical Syriac ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ), Old Armenian Դգլաթ (Dglatʻ), Arabic دِجْلَة (dijla), Hebrew חידקל / חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)), all borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdiqlat).
Compare Middle Persian (Arvand, “Tigris”, literally “swift”) (compare Avestan -𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (-auruuant)).[1] Compare also Achaemenid Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ig-ra).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɡre̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
Proper noun
Τῐ́γρης • (Tígrēs) m (genitive Τῐ́γρητος); third declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Τῐ́γρης ho Tígrēs | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος toû Tígrētos | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Τῐ́γρητῐ tôi Tígrēti | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Τῐ́γρητᾰ tòn Tígrēta | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Τῐ́γρης Tígrēs | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
- → Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
- → Latin: Tigris (see there for further descendants)
References
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,028
- ^ Jahanshah Derakhshani, “Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan: Evidence from the 4th and 3rd Millennium B.C.”, Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 5 (Leiden: Brill, 2001), 11.