αἰχμάλωτος

From αἰχμᾰλόω (aikhmalóō, “to take prisoner”) +‎ -τος (-tos), from αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “spear, war”).

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmálōtos) m or f (neuter αἰχμᾰ́λωτον); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Doric)

1. captured, taken prisoner in war
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.79:

     ἄποινα δὲ ἐστὶ Πελοποννησίοισι δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ’ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἐκτίνειν.

     ápoina dè estì Peloponnēsíoisi dúo mnéai tetagménai kat’ ándra aikhmálōton ektínein.

     • 1920 translation by A. D. Godley

       Among the Peloponnesians there is a fixed ransom of two minae to be paid for every prisoner.

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 223

• αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ (aikhmálōta)

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmálōtos) m or f (genitive αἰχμᾰλώτου); second declension

1. prisoner of war
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.70.1:

     Οἱ γὰρ Κερκυραῖοι ἐστασίαζον, ἐπειδὴ οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι ἦλθον αὐτοῖς οἱ ἐκ τῶν περὶ Ἐπίδαμνον ναυμαχιῶν ὑπὸ Κορινθίων ἀφεθέντες

     Hoi gàr Kerkuraîoi estasíazon, epeidḕ hoi aikhmálōtoi êlthon autoîs hoi ek tôn perì Epídamnon naumakhiôn hupò Korinthíōn aphethéntes

     • 1881 translation by Benjamin Jowett

       Now Corcyra had been in an unsettled state ever since the return of the prisoners who were taken at sea in the Epidamnian war, and afterwards released by the Corinthians.