κάθομαι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Medieval verb of the 10th century in synchronic use with Ancient Greek κάθημαι (káthēmai, “to sit, to sit down, to be idle”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

κάθομαι • (káthomai)

  1. (Ancient Greek) —
  2. (Byzantine)
    1. to sit or be at a place
    2. to stay, reside, to be at a place
    3. to remain at a place
      • 17th century Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553‑1613/14) Ἐρωτόκριτος Δ´ 330
        νά μέ ξορίσετε ἀπό ’πά, νά κάθομαι στά ξένα
        ná mé xorísete apó ’pá, ná káthomai stá xéna
        to exile me on top of all, for me to remain at foreign land
    4. (military) to camp
    5. to be at a state, condition of
      • 16th.17th century Θρῆνος τῶν τεσσάρων Πατριαρχείων. Ed: Karl Krumbacher.
        κάθομαι εἰς λύπην ― káthomai eis lúpēn ― I am sad (literally, “I sit in sadness)”)
    6. to associate with people
      • 12th century Σπανέας. B.212. (didactic poem in the vernacular)
        ὅταν μέ φίλους κάθεσαι, μνήσκου τούς ἀποδήμους
        hótan mé phílous káthesai, mnḗskou toús apodḗmous
        when you are among friends, remember the ones absent (who are at far away places)
    7. to be occupied with
      • 12th century Σπανέας. Α.45. (didactic poem in the vernacular)
        κάθου κι ἀνάγνωθέ τους
        káthou ki anágnōthé tous
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        (literally, “sit and read to them”)
    8. to remain idle
      • 15th century Λεόντιος Mαχαιρᾶς , Ἐξήγησις τῆς γλυκείας χώρας Kύπρου... 36815. Ed. R.M. Dawkins, Recital concerning the sweet land of Cyprus entitled “Chronicle”, Oxford 1932
        νά κουρσεύγουν τό νησίν κι ἐμείς νά καθούμεθαν
        ná kourseúgoun tó nēsín ki emeís ná kathoúmethan
        they plunder the island and us; we’re sitting idle

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: κάθομαι (káthomai)

References

  1. ^ κάθομαι - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)

Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek κάθομαι (“I stay, reside”) from Ancient Greek κάθημαι (káthēmai, “to sit, to sit down, to be idle”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkaθome/
  • Hyphenation: κά‧θο‧μαι

Verb

κάθομαι • (káthomai) deponent (past κάθισα/έκατσα)

  1. (at space) to sit, sit down
    1. to remain standing
      Synonyms: στέκομαι (stékomai), στήνομαι (stínomai)
    2. to stay, reside
  2. (of activity, state of mind)
    1. (+ να) to be occupied with
    2. to remain idle, to be bored, doing nothing
    3. to accept, be patient
  3. to retreat, to become sedimented (of things)
    Synonyms: καθιζάνω (kathizáno), κατακάθομαι (katakáthomai)
  4. (idiomatic) to be of less efficiency, worsened results
  5. (idiomatic) to happen by fluke

Conjugation

κάθομαι   (deponent: passive forms only)
Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg κάθομαι, [κάθουμαι] καθίσω1, κάτσω2
2 sg κάθεσαι καθίσεις, κάτσεις
3 sg κάθεται καθίσει, κάτσει
1 pl καθόμαστε καθίσουμε, [-ομε], κάτσουμε
2 pl κάθεστε, καθόσαστε καθίσετε, κάτσετε
3 pl κάθονται καθίσουν(ε), κάτσουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg καθόμουν(α) κάθισα1, έκατσα2
2 sg καθόσουν(α) κάθισες, έκατσες
3 sg καθόταν(ε) κάθισε, έκατσε
1 pl καθόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) καθίσαμε, κάτσαμε
2 pl καθόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) καθίσατε, κάτσατε
3 pl κάθονταν, καθόντουσαν, [καθόνταντε], [κάθουνταν] κάθισαν, καθίσαν(ε), έκατσαν, κάτσαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα κάθομαι ➤ θα καθίσω, θα κάτσω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα κάθεσαι, … θα καθίσεις, θα κάτσεις, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … καθίσει / κάτσει
  είμαι, είσαι, … καθισμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … καθίσει / κάτσει
  ήμουν, ήσουν, … καθισμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καθίσει / κάτσει
  θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … καθισμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg [{κάθου}] κάθισε, κάτσε
2 pl [κάθεστε] καθίστε, [κάτστε]
Other forms Passive voice
Present participle ➤   (κάθοντας)3
{καθήμενος, ‑η, ‑ο}, [καθούμενος, ‑η, ‑ο] ➤
Perfect participle ➤   καθισμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Nonfinite form ➤   καθίσει, κάτσει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. The perfective forms (aorist) -ισ derive from verb καθίζω (kathízō) which used to have the same meaning with κάθομαι. They are often misspelt with ‑η- (κάθησα, κάθησε, καθήστε) due to confusion of two ancient stems: aorist stem καθισ- (ἐκάθισᾰ, κάθισον) of καθίζω (from which the modern perfective forms derive) and the present stem καθησ- (κᾰ́θησαι, κάθησο) of κάθημαι (which never had an Aorist tense).
 2. The -κατσ- forms are colloquial.
 3. Indeclinable participle
 • (…) optional or informal.   rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Synonyms

  See definitions

Derived terms

Derived expressions:

References

  1. ^ κάθομαι, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
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