κάμνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“exert oneself, get tired”). Cognate with Sanskrit शम् (śam, “to toil, arrange”), Hindi शांति (śānti, “peace and quiet”), as well as perhaps Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”) and cumal (“female slave”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kám.nɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkam.no/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkam.no/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkam.no/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkam.no/

Verb

κᾰ́μνω • (kámnō)

to exert oneself, labour, work hard
to be weary
to be sick, ill
to suffer

Inflection

Present: κᾰ́μνω, κᾰ́μνομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰ́μνω	κᾰ́μνεις	κᾰ́μνει	κᾰ́μνετον	κᾰ́μνετον	κᾰ́μνομεν	κᾰ́μνετε	κᾰ́μνουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κᾰ́μνω	κᾰ́μνῃς	κᾰ́μνῃ	κᾰ́μνητον	κᾰ́μνητον	κᾰ́μνωμεν	κᾰ́μνητε	κᾰ́μνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰ́μνοιμῐ	κᾰ́μνοις	κᾰ́μνοι	κᾰ́μνοιτον	κᾰμνοίτην	κᾰ́μνοιμεν	κᾰ́μνοιτε	κᾰ́μνοιεν
	imperative		κᾰ́μνε	κᾰμνέτω	κᾰ́μνετον	κᾰμνέτων		κᾰ́μνετε	κᾰμνόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	κᾰ́μνομαι	κᾰ́μνῃ, κᾰ́μνει	κᾰ́μνεται	κᾰ́μνεσθον	κᾰ́μνεσθον	κᾰμνόμεθᾰ	κᾰ́μνεσθε	κᾰ́μνονται
	subjunctive	κᾰ́μνωμαι	κᾰ́μνῃ	κᾰ́μνηται	κᾰ́μνησθον	κᾰ́μνησθον	κᾰμνώμεθᾰ	κᾰ́μνησθε	κᾰ́μνωνται
	optative	κᾰμνοίμην	κᾰ́μνοιο	κᾰ́μνοιτο	κᾰ́μνοισθον	κᾰμνοίσθην	κᾰμνοίμεθᾰ	κᾰ́μνοισθε	κᾰ́μνοιντο
	imperative		κᾰ́μνου	κᾰμνέσθω	κᾰ́μνεσθον	κᾰμνέσθων		κᾰ́μνεσθε	κᾰμνέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		κᾰ́μνειν				κᾰ́μνεσθαι
participle	m	κᾰ́μνων				κᾰμνόμενος
	f	κᾰ́μνουσᾰ				κᾰμνομένη
	n	κᾰ́μνον				κᾰμνόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔκᾰμνον, ἐκᾰμνόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔκᾰμνον	ἔκᾰμνες	ἔκᾰμνε(ν)	ἐκᾰ́μνετον	ἐκᾰμνέτην	ἐκᾰ́μνομεν	ἐκᾰ́μνετε	ἔκᾰμνον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐκᾰμνόμην	ἐκᾰ́μνου	ἐκᾰ́μνετο	ἐκᾰ́μνεσθον	ἐκᾰμνέσθην	ἐκᾰμνόμεθᾰ	ἐκᾰ́μνεσθε	ἐκᾰ́μνοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: κᾰμέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	κᾰμέομαι	κᾰμέῃ, κᾰμέει	κᾰμέεται	κᾰμέεσθον	κᾰμέεσθον	κᾰμεόμεθᾰ	κᾰμέεσθε	κᾰμέονται
middle	optative	κᾰμεοίμην	κᾰμέοιο	κᾰμέοιτο	κᾰμέοισθον	κᾰμεοίσθην	κᾰμεοίμεθᾰ	κᾰμέοισθε	κᾰμέοιντο
					middle
infinitive					κᾰμέεσθαι
participle	m				κᾰμεόμενος
	f				κᾰμεομένη
	n				κᾰμεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: κᾰμοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	κᾰμοῦμαι	κᾰμῇ	κᾰμεῖται	κᾰμεῖσθον	κᾰμεῖσθον	κᾰμούμεθᾰ	κᾰμεῖσθε	κᾰμοῦνται
middle	optative	κᾰμοίμην	κᾰμοῖο	κᾰμοῖτο	κᾰμοῖσθον	κᾰμοίσθην	κᾰμοίμεθᾰ	κᾰμοῖσθε	κᾰμοῖντο
					middle
infinitive					κᾰμεῖσθαι
participle	m				κᾰμούμενος
	f				κᾰμουμένη
	n				κᾰμούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔκᾰμον, ἐκᾰμόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔκᾰμον	ἔκᾰμες	ἔκᾰμε(ν)	ἐκᾰ́μετον	ἐκᾰμέτην	ἐκᾰ́μομεν	ἐκᾰ́μετε	ἔκᾰμον
	subjunctive	κᾰ́μω	κᾰ́μῃς	κᾰ́μῃ	κᾰ́μητον	κᾰ́μητον	κᾰ́μωμεν	κᾰ́μητε	κᾰ́μωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰ́μοιμῐ	κᾰ́μοις	κᾰ́μοι	κᾰ́μοιτον	κᾰμοίτην	κᾰ́μοιμεν	κᾰ́μοιτε	κᾰ́μοιεν
	imperative		κᾰ́με	κᾰμέτω	κᾰ́μετον	κᾰμέτων		κᾰ́μετε	κᾰμόντων
middle	indicative	ἐκᾰμόμην	ἐκᾰ́μου	ἐκᾰ́μετο	ἐκᾰ́μεσθον	ἐκᾰμέσθην	ἐκᾰμόμεθᾰ	ἐκᾰ́μεσθε	ἐκᾰ́μοντο
	subjunctive	κᾰ́μωμαι	κᾰ́μῃ	κᾰ́μηται	κᾰ́μησθον	κᾰ́μησθον	κᾰμώμεθᾰ	κᾰ́μησθε	κᾰ́μωνται
	optative	κᾰμοίμην	κᾰ́μοιο	κᾰ́μοιτο	κᾰ́μοισθον	κᾰμοίσθην	κᾰμοίμεθᾰ	κᾰ́μοισθε	κᾰ́μοιντο
	imperative		κᾰμοῦ	κᾰμέσθω	κᾰ́μεσθον	κᾰμέσθων		κᾰ́μεσθε	κᾰμέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		κᾰμεῖν			κᾰμέσθαι
participle	m	κᾰμών			κᾰμόμενος
	f	κᾰμοῦσᾰ			κᾰμομένη
	n	κᾰμόν			κᾰμόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: κᾰ́μον, κᾰμόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰ́μον	κᾰ́μες	κᾰ́με(ν)	κᾰ́μετον	κᾰμέτην	κᾰ́μομεν	κᾰ́μετε	κᾰ́μον
middle	indicative	κᾰμόμην	κᾰ́μεο	κᾰ́μετο	κᾰ́μεσθον	κᾰμέσθην	κᾰμόμε(σ)θᾰ	κᾰ́μεσθε	κᾰ́μοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: κέκμηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κέκμηκᾰ	κέκμηκᾰς	κέκμηκε(ν)	κεκμήκᾰτον	κεκμήκᾰτον	κεκμήκᾰμεν	κεκμήκᾰτε	κεκμήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κεκμήκω	κεκμήκῃς	κεκμήκῃ	κεκμήκητον	κεκμήκητον	κεκμήκωμεν	κεκμήκητε	κεκμήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κεκμήκοιμῐ, κεκμηκοίην	κεκμήκοις, κεκμηκοίης	κεκμήκοι, κεκμηκοίη	κεκμήκοιτον	κεκμηκοίτην	κεκμήκοιμεν	κεκμήκοιτε	κεκμήκοιεν
	imperative		κέκμηκε	κεκμηκέτω	κεκμήκετον	κεκμηκέτων		κεκμήκετε	κεκμηκόντων
		active
infinitive		κεκμηκέναι
participle	m	κεκμηκώς
	f	κεκμηκυῖᾰ
	n	κεκμηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. Epic has the participle κεκμηώς, κεκμηυῖᾰ, κεκμηός

Pluperfect: ἐκεκμήκειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐκεκμήκειν, ἐκεκμήκη	ἐκεκμήκεις, ἐκεκμήκης	ἐκεκμήκει(ν)	ἐκεκμήκετον	ἐκεκμηκέτην	ἐκεκμήκεμεν	ἐκεκμήκετε	ἐκεκμήκεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀκάμας (akámas)
ἀκμής (akmḗs)
κάματος (kámatos)
κμητός (kmētós)

Related terms

κομέω (koméō)
κομιδή (komidḗ)
κομίζω (komízō)

Descendants

Greek: κάμνω (kámno), κάνω (káno)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάμνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 632

Greek

Verb

κάμνω • (kámno) (past έκαμα/έκαμνα)

Alternative form of κάνω (káno)

Conjugation

κάμνω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)

	Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg	κάμνω	κάμνω, κάμω
2 sg	κάμνεις	κάμνεις, κάμεις
3 sg	κάμνει	κάμνει, κάμει

1 pl	κάμνουμε, [‑ομε]	κάμνουμε, [‑ομε], κάμουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl	κάμνετε	κάμνετε, κάμετε
3 pl	κάμνουν(ε)	κάμνουν(ε), κάμουν(ε)

Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	έκαμνα	έκαμνα, έκαμα
2 sg	έκαμνες	έκαμνες, έκαμες
3 sg	έκαμνε	έκαμνε, έκαμε

1 pl	κάμναμε	κάμναμε, κάμαμε
2 pl	κάμνατε	κάμνατε, κάματε
3 pl	έκαμναν, κάμναν(ε)	έκαμναν, κάμναν(ε), έκαμαν

Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα κάμνω ➤	θα κάμνω / κάμω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα κάμνεις, …	θα κάμνεις / κάμεις, …

	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … κάμνει / κάμει έχω, έχεις, … καμωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤	είμαι, είσαι, … καμωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice)
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … κάμνει / κάμει είχα, είχες, … καμωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο	ήμουν, ήσουν, … καμωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κάμνει / κάμει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καμωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο	θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … καμωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο

Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).

Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	κάμνε	κάμνε, κάμε
2 pl	κάμνετε	κάντε,

Other forms
Active present participle ➤	κάμνοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤	έχοντας κάμνει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤	καμωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤

Nonfinite form ➤	κάμνει, κάμει


Notes Appendix:Greek verbs	• (…) optional or informal. rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάμνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 632

[1]

κάμνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Further reading

Greek

Verb

Conjugation

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