μάρναμαι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Beekes derives the verb from a zero-grade nasal present of a Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“to seize, grip”), and compares Sanskrit मृणीहि (mṛṇīhi) and मृणति (mṛṇati) (which trace back to the Sanskrit root Sanskrit मृण् (mṛṇ, “to crush, smash)”) as potential exact matches. The original meaning of the Greek would have been something like "to crush or grab one another".[1] However, the Sanskrit is traditionally derived from a nasal extension of Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”),[2] which cannot produce the Greek form.

Other potential cognates adduced by Rix (which, as Beekes notes, have not been ascertained by other linguists) include Albanian marr (“to take”), Old Norse merja (“to beat, crush”), and Hittite (marritta, “is crushed”).[3] The Albanian and Germanic terms have alternative plausible derivations, which along with the Sanskrit place the existence of the Indo-European root in doubt.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

μᾰ́ρνᾰμαι • (mắrnămai)

  1. to fight, battle
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.475:
      μάρναό τε Τρώεσσι καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.
      márnaó te Trṓessi kaì állous órnuthi laoús.
      And do battle with the Trojans, and urge on the rest of the folk.
  2. to contend, strive
    • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.65:
      ὅθεν φαμὶ καὶ σὲ τὰν ἀπείρονα δόξαν εὑρεῖν, τὰ μὲν ἐν ἱπποσόαισιν ἄνδρεσσι μαρνάμενον, τὰ δ’ ἐν πεζομάχαισι:
      hóthen phamì kaì sè tàn apeírona dóxan heureîn, tà mèn en hipposóaisin ándressi marnámenon, tà d’ en pezomákhaisi:
      And so I say that you too have found boundless fame by fighting among both horsemen and foot soldiers.

Inflection

   Present: μᾰ́ρνᾰμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative μᾰ́ρνᾰμαι μᾰ́ρνᾰσαι μᾰ́ρνᾰται μᾰ́ρνᾰσθον μᾰ́ρνᾰσθον μᾰρνᾰ́μεθᾰ μᾰ́ρνᾰσθε μᾰ́ρνᾰνται
subjunctive μᾰρνῶμαι μᾰρνῇ μᾰρνῆται μᾰρνῆσθον μᾰρνῆσθον μᾰρνώμεθᾰ μᾰρνῆσθε μᾰρνῶνται
optative μᾰρναίμην μᾰ́ρναιο μᾰ́ρναιτο μᾰ́ρναισθον μᾰρναίσθην μᾰρναίμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρναισθε μᾰ́ρναιντο
imperative   μᾰ́ρνᾰσο μᾰρνᾰ́σθω μᾰ́ρνᾰσθον μᾰρνᾰ́σθων   μᾰ́ρνᾰσθε μᾰρνᾰ́σθων
middle/passive
infinitive μᾰ́ρνᾰσθαι
participle m μᾰρνᾰ́μενος
f μᾰρνᾰμένη
n μᾰρνᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐμᾰρνᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐμᾰρνᾰ́μην ἐμᾰ́ρνᾰσο ἐμᾰ́ρνᾰτο ἐμᾰ́ρνᾰσθον ἐμᾰρνᾰ́σθην ἐμᾰρνᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐμᾰ́ρνᾰσθε ἐμᾰ́ρνᾰντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: μᾰρνᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative μᾰρνᾰ́μην μᾰ́ρνᾰσο μᾰ́ρνᾰτο μᾰ́ρνᾰσθον μᾰρνᾰ́σθην μᾰρνᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ μᾰ́ρνᾰσθε μᾰ́ρνᾰντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάρναμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 907
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “MARᴵ¹ (> mṛṇīhí)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 319-20
  3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*merh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 440

Further reading

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