νηφάλιος

• νηφαλέος (nēphaléos), νήφαλος (nḗphalos) (both very rare)

From νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) +‎ -άλιος (-álios). This family of words pertaining to sobriety (including also νήφων m (nḗphōn), νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)) are related to Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʻi, “fasting”, adjective). Ultimately, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o- or from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”) prefixed with the negative particle *n̥-.

νηφάλιος • (nēphálios) m (feminine νηφαλία, neuter νηφάλιον); first/second declension

1. (of people) sober, not inebriated
2. unmixed with wine, wineless

   νηφάλιαι θυσίαι ― nēpháliai thusíai ― wineless libations/sacrifices

   νηφάλια θύειν ― nēphália thúein ― to offer wineless libations

   νηφάλια μειλίγματα ― nēphália meilígmata ― offerings of water, milk, and honey to the Eumenides

   νηφάλιος κρατήρ ― nēphálios kratḗr ― krater containing liquids unmixed with wine

   νηφάλια ξύλα ― nēphália xúla ― wood other than vine twigs, burned in sacrifices

• νηφαλιότης f (nēphaliótēs, “sobriety”)
• νηφαλίως (nēphalíōs, “in a sober manner”, adverb)
• νηφαλιεύω (nēphalieúō, “to offer wineless libations”, verb)
• νηφαλιεύς (nēphalieús, “sober (as an epithet of Apollo)”, adjective)

• “νηφάλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “νηφάλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• νηφάλιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νηφάλιος (nēphálios).

• IPA^(key): /niˈfa.li.os/
• Hyphenation: νη‧φά‧λι‧ος

νηφάλιος • (nifálios) m (feminine νηφάλια, neuter νηφάλιο)

1. calm, astute, sober, collected, dispassionate

   νηφάλια σκέψη ― nifália sképsi ― a sober thought

2. sober, not drunk

• νηφάλια (nifália, “soberly, calmly”, adverb)
• νηφαλίως (nifalíos, “soberly, calmly”, adverb)
• νηφαλιότητα f (nifaliótita, “sobriety”)

• νηφάλιος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language