πένομαι

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”), with semantic shift "to weave, stretch" > "to tense, strain" > "to exert oneself". Cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to braid, plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (“to tie, fix”), Old English spinnan (“to spin”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

πένομαι • (pénomai)

  1. to toil, labor, exert oneself

Conjugation

   Present: πένομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative πένομαι πένῃ,
πένει 		πένεται πένεσθον πένεσθον πενόμεθᾰ πένεσθε πένονται
subjunctive πένωμαι πένῃ πένηται πένησθον πένησθον πενώμεθᾰ πένησθε πένωνται
optative πενοίμην πένοιο πένοιτο πένοισθον πενοίσθην πενοίμεθᾰ πένοισθε πένοιντο
imperative   πένου πενέσθω πένεσθον πενέσθων   πένεσθε πενέσθων
infinitive πένεσθαι
participle m πενόμενος
f πενομένη
n πενόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐπενόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐπενόμην ἐπένου ἐπένετο ἐπένεσθον ἐπενέσθην ἐπενόμεθᾰ ἐπένεσθε ἐπένοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: πενόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative πενόμην πένου πένετο πένεσθον πενέσθην πενόμε(σ)θᾰ πένεσθε πένοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πένομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1172

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia