ποινή

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (“payment; punishment, vengeance”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /poi̯.nɛ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pyˈne̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyˈni/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyˈni/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈni/

Noun

ποινή • (poinḗ) f (genitive ποινῆς); first declension

blood money, wergeld
fine, ransom, penalty, penance, satisfaction
Synonyms: ζημῐ́ᾱ (zēmíā), θωή (thōḗ)
compensation
redemption, release

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ποινή; τῆς ποινῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ποινή hē poinḗ	τὼ ποινᾱ́ tṑ poinā́	αἱ ποιναί hai poinaí
Genitive	τῆς ποινῆς tês poinês	τοῖν ποιναῖν toîn poinaîn	τῶν ποινῶν tôn poinôn
Dative	τῇ ποινῇ têi poinêi	τοῖν ποιναῖν toîn poinaîn	ταῖς ποιναῖς taîs poinaîs
Accusative	τὴν ποινήν tḕn poinḗn	τὼ ποινᾱ́ tṑ poinā́	τᾱ̀ς ποινᾱ́ς tā̀s poinā́s
Vocative	ποινή poinḗ	ποινᾱ́ poinā́	ποιναί poinaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Greek: ποινή (poiní)
→ Latin: poena (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ποινή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1217-8

Further reading

“ποινή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ποινή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ποινή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ποινή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ποινή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- amends idem, page 27.
- atonement idem, page 49.
- compensation idem, page 151.
- expiation idem, page 294.
- penalty idem, page 602.
- punishment idem, page 658.
- redress idem, page 684.
- reparation idem, page 695.
- reprisal idem, page 698.
- requital idem, page 700.
- retaliation idem, page 706.
- retribution idem, page 708.
- revenge idem, page 709.
- reward idem, page 711.
- vengeance idem, page 947.
“ποινή”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

ποινή • (poiní) f (plural ποινές)

(law) punishment, sentence, penalty

Declension

Declension of ποινή

	singular	plural
nominative	ποινή •	ποινές •
genitive	ποινής •	ποινών •
accusative	ποινή •	ποινές •
vocative	ποινή •	ποινές •

Related terms

αξιόποινος (axiópoinos, “punishable, criminal”)
ποινικολόγος (poinikológos, “criminal lawyer”)
ποινικοποίηση (poinikopoíisi, “penalisation”)
ποινικοποιώ (poinikopoió, “to penalise”)
ποινικός (poinikós, “criminal, penal”)
ποινολόγιο (poinológio, “crime sheet”)

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