φάλαγξ

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Ancient Greek

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Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”). Compare Latin sufflamen and Old High German balcho.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

φᾰ́λᾰγξ • (phálanx) f (genitive φᾰ́λᾰγγος); third declension

  1. line of battle, battle-array
  2. (in the plural) ranks of an army
  3. phalanx, a clustered mass of infantry
  4. main body, center (as opposed to the periphery)
  5. round piece of wood, trunk, log
  6. (in the plural) rollers for moving heavy loads
  7. beam of a balance or steelyard
  8. bone between two joints of a finger or toe
  9. row of eyelashes

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ φᾰ́λᾰγξ; τῆς φᾰ́λᾰγγος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ φᾰ́λᾰγξ
hē phálanx 		τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε
tṑ phálange 		αἱ φᾰ́λᾰγγες
hai phálanges
Genitive τῆς φᾰ́λᾰγγος
tês phálangos 		τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν
toîn phalángoin 		τῶν φᾰλᾰ́γγων
tôn phalángōn
Dative τῇ φᾰ́λᾰγγῐ
têi phálangi 		τοῖν φᾰλᾰ́γγοιν
toîn phalángoin 		ταῖς φᾰ́λᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́λᾰγξῐν
taîs phálanxi(n)
Accusative τὴν φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰ
tḕn phálanga 		τὼ φᾰ́λᾰγγε
tṑ phálange 		τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́λᾰγγᾰς
tā̀s phálangas
Vocative φᾰ́λᾰγξ
phálanx 		φᾰ́λᾰγγε
phálange 		φᾰ́λᾰγγες
phálanges
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: φάλαγγα f (fálanga)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܦܠܓܐ (plaggā)
  • → Latin: phalanx (see there for further descendants)
  • → Latin: phalanga (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Armenian: փաղանգ (pʻałang), փալանգ (pʻalang)

Further reading

  • “φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “φάλαγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “φάλαγξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • φάλαγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • φάλαγξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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