φεύγω

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to flee”). Related to φυγή (phugḗ, verbal noun) and Latin fugiō.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

φεύγω • (pheúgō)

  1. (intransitive) to flee, run off, go a certain direction with haste (often with prepositions)
  2. (transitive) to flee, escape, avoid, get away from (danger or trouble)
  3. (transitive or intransitive) to leave the country, go into exile
    1. (intransitive) to be exiled, banished, driven out of the country
    2. (intransitive, present and imperfect) to be in exile, live in banishment
  4. (perfect) to have escaped, be safe from
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.11–12:
      ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
      οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·
      énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
      oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan;
      At that time, all the others that had fled sheer destruction
      were at home, having escaped war and the sea.
  5. (law, chiefly present and imperfect) to be accused of a crime; often with δίκην (díkēn) and genitive of the crime

Usage notes

The present and imperfect often have a conative reading: to try to get away, intend to leave.

Inflection

Future active only appears in Koine Greek, in the form ἐκφεύξω (ekpheúxō).

   Present: φεύγω, φεύγομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φεύγω φεύγεις φεύγει φεύγετον φεύγετον φεύγομεν φεύγετε φεύγουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive φεύγω φεύγῃς φεύγῃ φεύγητον φεύγητον φεύγωμεν φεύγητε φεύγωσῐ(ν)
optative φεύγοιμῐ φεύγοις φεύγοι φεύγοιτον φευγοίτην φεύγοιμεν φεύγοιτε φεύγοιεν
imperative   φεῦγε φευγέτω φεύγετον φευγέτων   φεύγετε φευγόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative φεύγομαι φεύγῃ,
φεύγει 		φεύγεται φεύγεσθον φεύγεσθον φευγόμεθᾰ φεύγεσθε φεύγονται
subjunctive φεύγωμαι φεύγῃ φεύγηται φεύγησθον φεύγησθον φευγώμεθᾰ φεύγησθε φεύγωνται
optative φευγοίμην φεύγοιο φεύγοιτο φεύγοισθον φευγοίσθην φευγοίμεθᾰ φεύγοισθε φεύγοιντο
imperative   φεύγου φευγέσθω φεύγεσθον φευγέσθων   φεύγεσθε φευγέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive φεύγειν φεύγεσθαι
participle m φεύγων φευγόμενος
f φεύγουσᾰ φευγομένη
n φεῦγον φευγόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔφευγον, ἐφευγόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔφευγον ἔφευγες ἔφευγε(ν) ἐφεύγετον ἐφευγέτην ἐφεύγομεν ἐφεύγετε ἔφευγον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐφευγόμην ἐφεύγου ἐφεύγετο ἐφεύγεσθον ἐφευγέσθην ἐφευγόμεθᾰ ἐφεύγεσθε ἐφεύγοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: φεῦγον, φευγόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φεῦγον φεῦγες φεῦγε(ν) φεύγετον φευγέτην φεύγομεν φεύγετε φεῦγον
middle/
passive 		indicative φευγόμην φεύγου φεύγετο φεύγεσθον φευγέσθην φευγόμε(σ)θᾰ φεύγεσθε φεύγοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: φεύγεσκον, φευγεσκόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φεύγεσκον φεύγεσκες φεύγεσκε(ν) φευγέσκετον φευγεσκέτην φευγέσκομεν φευγέσκετε φεύγεσκον
middle/
passive 		indicative φευγεσκόμην φευγέσκου φευγέσκετο φευγέσκεσθον φευγεσκέσθην φευγεσκόμεθᾰ φευγέσκεσθε φευγέσκοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: φεύξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative φεύξομαι φεύξῃ,
φεύξει 		φεύξεται φεύξεσθον φεύξεσθον φευξόμεθᾰ φεύξεσθε φεύξονται
optative φευξοίμην φεύξοιο φεύξοιτο φεύξοισθον φευξοίσθην φευξοίμεθᾰ φεύξοισθε φεύξοιντο
middle
infinitive φεύξεσθαι
participle m φευξόμενος
f φευξομένη
n φευξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: φεύξω (Koine)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φεύξω φεύξεις φεύξει φεύξετον φεύξετον φεύξομεν φεύξετε φεύξουσῐ(ν)
optative φεύξοιμῐ φεύξοις φεύξοι φεύξοιτον φευξοίτην φεύξοιμεν φεύξοιτε φεύξοιεν
active
infinitive φεύξειν
participle m φεύξων
f φεύξουσᾰ
n φεῦξον
   Aorist: ἔφῠγον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔφῠγον ἔφῠγες ἔφῠγε(ν) ἐφῠ́γετον ἐφῠγέτην ἐφῠ́γομεν ἐφῠ́γετε ἔφῠγον
subjunctive φῠ́γω φῠ́γῃς φῠ́γῃ φῠ́γητον φῠ́γητον φῠ́γωμεν φῠ́γητε φῠ́γωσῐ(ν)
optative φῠ́γοιμῐ φῠ́γοις φῠ́γοι φῠ́γοιτον φῠγοίτην φῠ́γοιμεν φῠ́γοιτε φῠ́γοιεν
imperative   φῠ́γε φῠγέτω φῠ́γετον φῠγέτων   φῠ́γετε φῠγόντων
active
infinitive φῠγεῖν
participle m φῠγών
f φῠγοῦσᾰ
n φῠγόν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: φῠ́γον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φῠ́γον φῠ́γες φῠ́γε(ν) φῠ́γετον φῠγέτην φῠ́γομεν φῠ́γετε φῠ́γον
subjunctive φῠ́γω,
φῠ́γωμῐ 		φῠ́γῃς,
φῠ́γῃσθᾰ 		φῠ́γῃ,
φῠ́γῃσῐ 		φῠ́γητον φῠ́γητον φῠ́γωμεν φῠ́γητε φῠ́γωσῐ(ν)
optative φῠ́γοιμῐ φῠ́γοις/φῠ́γοισθᾰ φῠ́γοι φῠγεῖτον φῠγείτην φῠγεῖμεν φῠγεῖτε φῠγεῖεν
imperative   φῠ́γε φῠγέτω φῠ́γετον φῠγέτων   φῠ́γετε φῠγόντων
active
infinitive φῠγέειν/φῠγεῖν/φῠγέμεν(αι)
participle m φῠγών
f φῠγοῦσᾰ
n φῠγόν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: φῠ́γεσκον (Ionic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φῠ́γεσκον φῠ́γεσκες φῠ́γεσκε(ν) φῠγέσκετον φῠγεσκέτην φῠγέσκομεν φῠγέσκετε φῠ́γεσκον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: πέφευγᾰ, πέφῠγμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative πέφευγᾰ πέφευγᾰς πέφευγε(ν) πεφεύγᾰτον πεφεύγᾰτον πεφεύγᾰμεν πεφεύγᾰτε πεφεύγᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive πεφεύγω πεφεύγῃς πεφεύγῃ πεφεύγητον πεφεύγητον πεφεύγωμεν πεφεύγητε πεφεύγωσῐ(ν)
optative πεφεύγοιμῐ,
πεφευγοίην 		πεφεύγοις,
πεφευγοίης 		πεφεύγοι,
πεφευγοίη 		πεφεύγοιτον πεφευγοίτην πεφεύγοιμεν πεφεύγοιτε πεφεύγοιεν
imperative   πέφευγε πεφευγέτω πεφεύγετον πεφευγέτων   πεφεύγετε πεφευγόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative πέφῠγμαι πέφῠξαι πέφῠκται πέφῠχθον πέφῠχθον πεφῠ́γμεθᾰ πέφῠχθε πεφῠ́γᾰται
subjunctive πεφῠγμένος ὦ πεφῠγμένος ᾖς πεφῠγμένος ᾖ πεφῠγμένω ἦτον πεφῠγμένω ἦτον πεφῠγμένοι ὦμεν πεφῠγμένοι ἦτε πεφῠγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative πεφῠγμένος εἴην πεφῠγμένος εἴης πεφῠγμένος εἴη πεφῠγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον πεφῠγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην πεφῠγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν πεφῠγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε πεφῠγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   πέφῠξο πεφῠ́χθω πέφῠχθον πεφῠ́χθων   πέφῠχθε πεφῠ́χθων
active middle/passive
infinitive πεφευγέναι πεφῠ́χθαι
participle m πεφευγώς,
πεφυζώς 		πεφῠγμένος
f πεφευγυῖᾰ πεφῠγμένη
n πεφευγός πεφῠγμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “to flee, be accused”): διώκω (diṓkō, “to pursue, accuse”)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • Mariupol Greek: фегну (fjehnu)

References

“φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φεύγω (pheúgō, “flee”) (the sense "leave" since mediaeval times. From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-. Has been displaced by δραπετεύω (drapetévo) in the Ancient Greek sense of "to flee".

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfe.vɣo/
  • Hyphenation: φεύ‧γω

Verb

φεύγω • (févgo) (past έφυγα, passive —)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to leave, depart, go
    πότε φεύγει;
    póte févgei;
    when does it leave?
    Το πλοίο φεύγει από τον Πειραιά.
    To ploío févgei apó ton Peiraiá.
    The boat leaves from Piraeus.

Conjugation

φεύγω   (active forms only)
Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg φεύγω φύγω
2 sg φεύγεις φύγεις
3 sg φεύγει φύγει
1 pl φεύγουμε, [‑ομε] φύγουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl φεύγετε φύγετε
3 pl φεύγουν(ε) φύγουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg έφευγα έφυγα
2 sg έφευγες έφυγες
3 sg έφευγε έφυγε
1 pl φεύγαμε φύγαμε
2 pl φεύγατε φύγατε
3 pl έφευγαν, φεύγαν(ε) έφυγαν, φύγαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα φεύγω ➤ θα φύγω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα φεύγεις, … θα φύγεις, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … φύγει  
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … φύγει  
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φύγει  
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg φεύγε φύγε, φεύγα
2 pl φεύγετε φύγετε, φευγάτε1
Other forms
Active present participle ➤   φεύγοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤   έχοντας φύγει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤ —
Nonfinite form ➤   φύγει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. Colloquial.
 • (…) optional or informal.   rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Compounds
Stems φευγ- φυγ- φευκ-

See also

Further reading

  • φεύγω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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