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From a case form of Proto-Indo-European*dʰéǵʰōm(“earth”) (whence also χθών(khthṓn, “earth”)), traditionally taken as a dative.[1] Ringe[2] identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the "hic-et-nunc particle" -i (Proto-Indo-European*ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite𒁖𒈾𒀀(taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskritक्ष्मया(kṣmayā́), Sanskritज्मया(jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskritक्षमा(kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskritक्षामि(kṣā́mi), Latinhumī (locative). Also compare πάλαι(pálai) and παραί(paraí).