χιλίαρχος

Ancient Greek

From χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”) +‎ ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”). Calque of Old Median *hazārapatiš.^[1]^[2]

χῑλίᾰρχος • (khīlíarkhos) m (genitive χῑλιᾰ́ρχου); second declension

the commander of a thousand men, commander of a garrison
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 304
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.14
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 4.7
(used as a translation)
1. (of the Persian visir)
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Artaxerxes 5
  - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 1.21
  - 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 18.48
2. (of the Latin tribunus militum)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χῑλίᾰρχος ho khīlíarkhos	τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω tṑ khīliárkhō	οἱ χῑλίᾰρχοι hoi khīlíarkhoi
Genitive	τοῦ χῑλιᾰ́ρχου toû khīliárkhou	τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν toîn khīliárkhoin	τῶν χῑλιᾰ́ρχων tôn khīliárkhōn
Dative	τῷ χῑλιᾰ́ρχῳ tôi khīliárkhōi	τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν toîn khīliárkhoin	τοῖς χῑλιᾰ́ρχοις toîs khīliárkhois
Accusative	τὸν χῑλίᾰρχον tòn khīlíarkhon	τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω tṑ khīliárkhō	τοὺς χῑλιᾰ́ρχους toùs khīliárkhous
Vocative	χῑλίᾰρχε khīlíarkhe	χῑλιᾰ́ρχω khīliárkhō	χῑλίᾰρχοι khīlíarkhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 120
^ “Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎, 2002 December 15