χιλίαρχος

Ancient Greek

From χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”) +‎ ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”). Calque of Old Median *hazārapatiš.^[1]^[2]

χῑλίᾰρχος • (khīlíărkhos) m (genitive χῑλιᾰ́ρχου); second declension

the commander of a thousand men, commander of a garrison
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 304
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.14
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 4.7
(used as a translation)
1. (of the Persian visir)
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Artaxerxes 5
  - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 1.21
  - 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 18.48
2. (of the Latin tribunus militum)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χῑλίᾰρχος ho khīlíărkhos	τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω tṑ khīliắrkhō	οἱ χῑλίᾰρχοι hoi khīlíărkhoi
Genitive	τοῦ χῑλιᾰ́ρχου toû khīliắrkhou	τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν toîn khīliắrkhoin	τῶν χῑλιᾰ́ρχων tôn khīliắrkhōn
Dative	τῷ χῑλιᾰ́ρχῳ tôi khīliắrkhōi	τοῖν χῑλιᾰ́ρχοιν toîn khīliắrkhoin	τοῖς χῑλιᾰ́ρχοις toîs khīliắrkhois
Accusative	τὸν χῑλίᾰρχον tòn khīlíărkhon	τὼ χῑλιᾰ́ρχω tṑ khīliắrkhō	τοὺς χῑλιᾰ́ρχους toùs khīliắrkhous
Vocative	χῑλίᾰρχε khīlíărkhe	χῑλιᾰ́ρχω khīliắrkhō	χῑλίᾰρχοι khīlíărkhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 120
^ “Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎, 2002 December 15