Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ (“stomach”) shows remarkable similarity with this word: Russian желу́док (želúdok), Czech žaludek, Polish żołądek, which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-ond-, showing a similar formation to that of the Greek word if it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰol-nd-.[1] Lithuanian skilándis (“sausage-stomach”) is considered unrelated, but shows the same suffix. There are a number of problems with this account: first, the deviating form of χόλιξ (khólix, “bowels of oxen”) remains unexplained. Second, Furnée compares not only κόλον (kólon, “large intestine”), but also καλίδια (kalídia, “intestines”) and γόλα (góla), γάλλια (gállia) and γάλλος (gállos); he also adduces Old Armenian քաղիրթ (kʻałirtʻ, “intestines of animals”). Beekes takes the variation as showing that the word is likely Pre-Greek.[1] Hayden and Stifter derive both the Greek lemma and Slavic *želǫdъkъ from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-ond-, from the root *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”) found also in Celtic: Old Irish eclas (“gizzard”), gaile (“stomach”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”), Welsh glasog (“gizzard”), afu glas (“gizzard”), Old Cornish glas (“stomach”).[2][3]
χολᾰ́ς • (kholás) f (genitive χολᾰ́δος); third declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ χολᾰ́ς hē kholás |
τὼ χολᾰ́δε tṑ kholáde |
αἱ χολᾰ́δες hai kholádes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς χολᾰ́δος tês kholádos |
τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν toîn kholádoin |
τῶν χολᾰ́δων tôn kholádōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ χολᾰ́δῐ têi kholádi |
τοῖν χολᾰ́δοιν toîn kholádoin |
ταῖς χολᾰ́σῐ / χολᾰ́σῐν taîs kholási(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν χολᾰ́δᾰ tḕn kholáda |
τὼ χολᾰ́δε tṑ kholáde |
τᾱ̀ς χολᾰ́δᾰς tā̀s kholádas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χολᾰ́ς kholás |
χολᾰ́δε kholáde |
χολᾰ́δες kholádes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
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