ψάω

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Traditionally compared to Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew, eat, devour”) and explained as vocalic enlargements from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes-, found in Sanskrit बभस्ति (babhasti, “to chew, devour”). Meier-Brügger links the word to Hittite (peš, “to rub, scrub”), which departs from the root *pes-. According to Beekes, the Indo-European explanations must be given up; the group of words is probably Pre-Greek, especially given the coexistence of ψαίω (psaíō), ψαύω (psaúō) and ψίω (psíō), which cannot be explained if we start from a PIE form.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ψάω • (psáō)

  1. to touch lightly, rub, wipe, rub smooth
  2. (intransitive) to crumble away, vanish, disappear

Inflection

   Present: ψῶ, ψῶμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ψῶ ψῇς ψῇ ψῆτον ψῆτον ψῶμεν ψῆτε ψῶσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ψῶ ψῇς ψῇ ψῆτον ψῆτον ψῶμεν ψῆτε ψῶσῐ(ν)
optative ψῴην,
ψῷμῐ 		ψῴης,
ψῷς 		ψῴη,
ψῷ 		ψῷτον,
ψῴητον 		ψῴτην,
ψῳήτην 		ψῷμεν,
ψῴημεν 		ψῷτε,
ψῴητε 		ψῷεν,
ψῴησᾰν
imperative   ψῆ ψήτω ψῆτον ψήτων   ψῆτε ψώντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ψῶμαι ψῇ ψῆται ψῆσθον ψῆσθον ψώμεθᾰ ψῆσθε ψῶνται
subjunctive ψῶμαι ψῇ ψῆται ψῆσθον ψῆσθον ψώμεθᾰ ψῆσθε ψῶνται
optative ψῴμην ψῷο ψῷτο ψῷσθον ψῴσθην ψῴμεθᾰ ψῷσθε ψῷντο
imperative   ψῶ ψήσθω ψῆσθον ψήσθων   ψῆσθε ψήσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ψῆν ψῆσθαι
participle m ψῶν ψώμενος
f ψῶσᾰ ψωμένη
n ψῶν ψώμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔψων, ἐψώμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔψων ἔψης ἔψη ἐψῆτον ἐψήτην ἐψῶμεν ἐψῆτε ἔψων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐψώμην ἐψῶ ἐψῆτο ἐψῆσθον ἐψήσθην ἐψώμεθᾰ ἐψῆσθε ἐψῶντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ψήσω, ψήσομαι, ψηθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ψήσω ψήσεις ψήσει ψήσετον ψήσετον ψήσομεν ψήσετε ψήσουσῐ(ν)
optative ψήσοιμῐ ψήσοις ψήσοι ψήσοιτον ψησοίτην ψήσοιμεν ψήσοιτε ψήσοιεν
middle indicative ψήσομαι ψήσῃ,
ψήσει 		ψήσεται ψήσεσθον ψήσεσθον ψησόμεθᾰ ψήσεσθε ψήσονται
optative ψησοίμην ψήσοιο ψήσοιτο ψήσοισθον ψησοίσθην ψησοίμεθᾰ ψήσοισθε ψήσοιντο
passive indicative ψηθήσομαι ψηθήσῃ ψηθήσεται ψηθήσεσθον ψηθήσεσθον ψηθησόμεθᾰ ψηθήσεσθε ψηθήσονται
optative ψηθησοίμην ψηθήσοιο ψηθήσοιτο ψηθήσοισθον ψηθησοίσθην ψηθησοίμεθᾰ ψηθήσοισθε ψηθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ψήσειν ψήσεσθαι ψηθήσεσθαι
participle m ψήσων ψησόμενος ψηθησόμενος
f ψήσουσᾰ ψησομένη ψηθησομένη
n ψῆσον ψησόμενον ψηθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔψησᾰ, ἐψησᾰ́μην, ἐψήθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔψησᾰ ἔψησᾰς ἔψησε(ν) ἐψήσᾰτον ἐψησᾰ́την ἐψήσᾰμεν ἐψήσᾰτε ἔψησᾰν
subjunctive ψήσω ψήσῃς ψήσῃ ψήσητον ψήσητον ψήσωμεν ψήσητε ψήσωσῐ(ν)
optative ψήσαιμῐ ψήσειᾰς,
ψήσαις 		ψήσειε(ν),
ψήσαι 		ψήσαιτον ψησαίτην ψήσαιμεν ψήσαιτε ψήσειᾰν,
ψήσαιεν
imperative   ψῆσον ψησᾰ́τω ψήσᾰτον ψησᾰ́των   ψήσᾰτε ψησᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐψησᾰ́μην ἐψήσω ἐψήσᾰτο ἐψήσᾰσθον ἐψησᾰ́σθην ἐψησᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐψήσᾰσθε ἐψήσᾰντο
subjunctive ψήσωμαι ψήσῃ ψήσηται ψήσησθον ψήσησθον ψησώμεθᾰ ψήσησθε ψήσωνται
optative ψησαίμην ψήσαιο ψήσαιτο ψήσαισθον ψησαίσθην ψησαίμεθᾰ ψήσαισθε ψήσαιντο
imperative   ψῆσαι ψησᾰ́σθω ψήσᾰσθον ψησᾰ́σθων   ψήσᾰσθε ψησᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐψήθην ἐψήθης ἐψήθη ἐψήθητον ἐψηθήτην ἐψήθημεν ἐψήθητε ἐψήθησᾰν
subjunctive ψηθῶ ψηθῇς ψηθῇ ψηθῆτον ψηθῆτον ψηθῶμεν ψηθῆτε ψηθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ψηθείην ψηθείης ψηθείη ψηθεῖτον,
ψηθείητον 		ψηθείτην,
ψηθειήτην 		ψηθεῖμεν,
ψηθείημεν 		ψηθεῖτε,
ψηθείητε 		ψηθεῖεν,
ψηθείησᾰν
imperative   ψήθητῐ ψηθήτω ψήθητον ψηθήτων   ψήθητε ψηθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ψῆσαι ψήσᾰσθαι ψηθῆναι
participle m ψήσᾱς ψησᾰ́μενος ψηθείς
f ψήσᾱσᾰ ψησᾰμένη ψηθεῖσᾰ
n ψῆσᾰν ψησᾰ́μενον ψηθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔψημαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔψημαι ἔψησαι ἔψηται ἔψησθον ἔψησθον ἐψήμεθᾰ ἔψησθε ἔψηνται
subjunctive ἐψημένος ὦ ἐψημένος ᾖς ἐψημένος ᾖ ἐψημένω ἦτον ἐψημένω ἦτον ἐψημένοι ὦμεν ἐψημένοι ἦτε ἐψημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐψημένος εἴην ἐψημένος εἴης ἐψημένος εἴη ἐψημένω εἴητον/εἶτον ἐψημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἐψημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἐψημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἐψημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἔψησο ἐψήσθω ἔψησθον ἐψήσθων   ἔψησθε ἐψήσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ἐψῆσθαι
participle m ἐψημένος
f ἐψημένη
n ἐψημένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ψῆν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1665-6

Further reading

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