болван

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Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъlvanъ, *balъvanъ (idol). Cognate with Polish bałwan (snowman), Old Church Slavonic балванъ (balvanŭ, statue) and Serbo-Croatian ба̀лван (beam, log). Related to Latvian bulvāns (decoy). Borrowed from a Turkic language, compare Proto-Turkic *balbal (gravestone).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • (file)

Noun

болва́н (bolvánm anim (genitive болва́на, nominative plural болва́ны, genitive plural болва́нов, diminutive болва́нчик)

  1. (derogatory) blockhead, dimwit (stupid person)
    Synonyms: дура́к (durák), ду́ра (dúra), дурачо́к m (duračók, diminutive), ду́рочка f (dúročka, diminutive), ду́рень (dúrenʹ), дурачи́на (duračína); глупе́ц (glupéc), глупы́ш (glupýš), глу́пенький (glúpenʹkij); балбе́с (balbés); идио́т (idiót); тупи́ца (tupíca); крети́н (kretín); те́лепень (télepenʹ); дурале́й (duraléj); обо́лтус (obóltus); о́лух (ólux); осёл (osjól); простофи́ля (prostofílja); остоло́п (ostolóp); дуби́на (dubína), пень (penʹ), бревно́ (brevnó); истука́н (istukán)
    Э́тот болва́н так и не по́нял что́ от него́ тре́бовалось.Étot bolván tak i ne pónjal štó ot nevó trébovalosʹ.This idiot couldn't understand what was required from him.
    • 1872, Фёдор Достоевский, “Часть 3. Глава 5. Путешественница”, in Бесы; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Demons, 1994:
      — Сделайте одолжение, подержите сак, пока я разделаюсь с этим болваном, — встретила его внизу госпожа Марья Шатова и сунула ему в руки довольно легонький, дешевый ручной сак из парусины, с бронзовыми гвоздиками, дрезденской работы.
      — Sdelajte odolženije, poderžite sak, poka ja razdelajusʹ s etim bolvanom, — vstretila jevo vnizu gospoža Marʹja Šatova i sunula jemu v ruki dovolʹno legonʹkij, deševyj ručnoj sak iz parusiny, s bronzovymi gvozdikami, drezdenskoj raboty.
      "Kindly hold the bag till I finish with this blockhead," Mrs. Marya Shatov met him below and shoved into his hands a rather light, cheap canvas handbag with brass studs, of Dresden manufacture.
  2. dummy (in card games)
  3. block (for hats or wigs)
  4. (historical, paganism) an idol

Declension

Descendants

  • Ingrian: bolvana

Further reading

  • болван in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru