вал

Bulgarian

Etymology

Diachronically from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Synchronically could be interpreted either as a resultant noun or as the origin of Bulgarian валя́ (valjá, “to rain; to knock, to tumble down”). The technical meaning is borrowed from Russian вал (val), ultimately from the same origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ

Noun

вал • (val) m

1. embankment, digue, man-made mound

   Synonyms: сип (sip), ди́га (díga)

2. high wave

   Synonyms: вълна́ (vǎlná), (dialectal) бран (bran), (dialectal) слап (slap), тала́з (taláz)

3. (technical) shaft

   коля́нов вал ― koljánov val ― crankshaft

Declension

Derived terms

• подва́л (podvál, “firmament, basement”) (dialectal)
• прева́л (prevál, “opposite slope of a hill”)
• прова́л (provál, “failure, downfall”)
• свал (sval) (obsolete)
  • самосва́л (samosvál, “dump truck”)
  • сва́лка (sválka, “flirting”)
• разва́л (razvál, “breakdown”)
• ува́л (uvál, “dale, depression”) (dialectal)
• ва́лог (válog, “depression between highlands”) (dialectal)
• ва́лов (válov, “rolling, axle”)
• ва́лък (válǎk) (dialectal)

Related terms

• вале́ж (valéž, “rainfall, snowfall”)
• ва́ляк (váljak, “roller (machine)”)

References

• “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Erzya

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *valə, inherited from Proto-Uralic *wala. Cognates include Finnish vala (“oath”), Lule Sami vuolle (“song”), Nganasan бәлы.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

вал • (val)

1. word

   чуросто вастневиця вал ― čurosto vastńevića val ― a rare word

   • 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 15:

     No uleze tynk valonk “isťa, isťa”, “araś, araś”; i meze uli tede uskula, se šaitansto

     All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one

     (literally, “Let your words be”)

2. promise

   Synonyms: мель-вал (meľ-val), алтамо (altamo)

   максомс вал ― maksoms val ― to promise

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• nouns: валкс (valks), валнэ (valne)

References

• B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “вал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
• Entry #1684 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian вал (val).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋal/,
• Hyphenation: вал

Noun

вал • (val)

1. billow, wave

Declension

References

• Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 75

Nivkh

Noun

вал (val)

1. color

Russian

Alternative forms

• валъ (val) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ

Noun

вал • (val) m inan (genitive ва́ла, nominative plural валы́, genitive plural вало́в)

1. billow, roller
2. barrage fire
3. rampart
4. shaft, axle
5. gross output

   вы́полнить план по валу ― výpolnitʹ plan po valu ― to implement the plan by bulk output

Declension

Related terms

• валово́й (valovój)
• ва́лом (válom)
• девя́тый вал (devjátyj val)

Descendants

• → Komi-Zyrian: вал (val)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вал”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 132

Further reading

• вал in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋâːl/

Noun

ва̑л m (Latin spelling vȃl)

1. wave

Declension

Synonyms

• та̏ла̄с

Udmurt

Udmurt Wikipedia has an article on:

вал

Wikipedia ^udm

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *vɔ̇l, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wälɜ. Cognates include Erzya ведрекш (vedŕekš, “heifer”) and Estonian veis (“bull, ox”).

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian вӧв (vöv), Komi-Permyak вӧв (vöv) and Komi-Yazva вӧл (völ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -äl
• Hyphenation: вал

Noun

вал • (val)

1. horse

Declension

References

• L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “вал”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 101
• Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 310