гайка

Belarusian

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гайка

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Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

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Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йкі, nominative plural га́йкі, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut (fastener)

Declension

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. Further origin is uncertain:

• Either related to Bulgarian жир (žir, “fat, grease”), гоя́ (gojá, “to lush”) with initial meaning something that fastens, fixates (compare Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to hinder one's motion”), Czech hájit (“to protect”));
• or from the root of Bulgarian га́щи (gášti, “pants”), originally meaning something that fits onto.

See Russian га́йка (gájka) for further discussion and cognates.

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Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f (relational adjective га́ечен, diminutive га́йчица)

1. nut (fastener)

   Synonym: (dialectal, dated) нави́тък (navítǎk)

Declension

Derived terms

• га́ечен ключ (gáečen ključ, “spanner, wrench”)

References

• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Old Ruthenian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. First attested in the 18th century.

Noun

гайка • (hajka) f inan

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

Descendants

• Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
• Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)

Further reading

• The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):

  url=gajka

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гайка”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 243

Russian

Etymology

Per Trubachev and Anikin (although Vasmer expressed skepticism) from Proto-Slavic *gajьka (“something that connects; something that prohibits”), derived from Proto-Slavic *gajiti (“to protect”).

Attested since 17th century.

Cognates include Serbo-Croatian gȃjka (“movable ring; nut”), dialectal Czech hajka (“straw landmark on a pole as a sign prohibiting road use”), Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to slow down; to linger”), Czech hájiti (“to protect, care”), Slovak hájit’ (“to protect, stand up for”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural га́йки, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

Declension

Related terms

• гаечка (gaječka), гайковёрт (gajkovjórt), гаечный ключ (gaječnyj ključ)
• гаечный (gaječnyj), гайконарезной (gajkonareznoj)

Descendants

• → Armenian: գայկա (gayka)
• → Azerbaijani: qayka
• → Bulgarian: га́йка (gájka)
• → Ingrian: gaika
• → Old Ruthenian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)
• → Turkmen: gaýka

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гайка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress