держати

держати (deržati) impf

1. Alternative spelling of дьржати (dĭržati)

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “держати”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 775

Inherited from Old Ruthenian держа́ти (deržáti), from Old East Slavic держати (deržati), дьржати (dĭržati), from Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

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держа́ти • (deržáty) impf (transitive)

1. to hold (to grip or grasp)

   держа́ти рука́ми ― deržáty rukámy ― to hold with one's hands

   держа́ти в зуба́х ― deržáty v zubáx ― to hold in one's teeth

2. to hold, to keep (to keep in a certain position or state)

   держа́ти у стра́ху ― deržáty u stráxu ― to frighten, to terrify

   держа́ти у пові́трі ― deržáty u povítri ― to keep in the air

   держа́ти в зару́чниках ― deržáty v zarúčnykax ― to hold hostage

3. to hold back, to detain, to stop, to keep (to prevent from commencing an action)

   що тебе́ тут де́ржить? ― ščo tebé tut déržytʹ? ― What is keeping/keeps you here?

   це єди́на річ, яка́ мене́ де́ржить від... ― ce jedýna rič, jaká mené déržytʹ vid... ― This is the only thing keeping me from...

4. to bear, to support, to prop up, to undergird (to prevent from collapsing/falling apart)
5. to keep (to continue in (a course or mode of action); to uphold or maintain)

   держа́ти ві́дстань ― deržáty vídstanʹ ― to keep distance

   держа́ти мовча́ння ― deržáty movčánnja ― to keep silence

   держа́ти курс ― deržáty kurs ― to head, to be headed

6. to store (to keep something in a designated place while not in use)

   держа́ти у пам'яті ― deržáty u pamʺjati ― to keep in one's memory, to remember

   держа́ти в холоди́льнику ― deržáty v xolodýlʹnyku ― to keep/store in the fridge

7. to keep, to own (of living creatures, plants)

   держа́ти коне́й ― deržáty konéj ― to keep horses

   держа́ти рабі́в ― deržáty rabív ― to keep slaves

8. (colloquial) to take for, to think of as (strictly in a negative sense: to take accusative (someone) + за (for) + accusative (someone))

   держа́ти за ду́рня ― deržáty za dúrnja ― to take someone for a fool

9. to persist

• держа́ти (deržáty) and its derived verbs are semantically identical to трима́ти (trymáty) and its derivatives, but the latter and its derivatives are preferred in standard Ukrainian. This is, however, not the case in colloquial Ukrainian, where держа́ти (deržáty) is often more common depending on the region and personal preference.

• трима́ти impf (trymáty)

• держа́тися impf (deržátysja)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “держати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “держати”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)
• “держати”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)