добръ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ) — Glagolitic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to match, to fit”).

Adjective

добръ • (dobrŭ) (comparative добрѣи or лоучии or соулѣи or соул҄ии or оун҄ии)

1. good

   Antonym: зълъ (zŭlŭ)

   добръ чловѣкъ ― dobrŭ člověkŭ ― a good man

   добра волꙗ ― dobra volja ― goodwill

   добра землꙗ ― dobra zemlja ― fertile soil

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 12:35:

     Добры чл҃вкъ отъ добраго съкровишта износитъ добраѣ ꙇ зълыч҃лвкъ отъ зълааго съкровишта износитъ зъла῾а ·

     Dobry čl:vkŭ otŭ dobrago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ dobraě i zŭlyč:lvkŭ otŭ zŭlaago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ zŭla῾a ·

     A good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and an evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 8:15:

     а еже на добрѣ земи сии сѫть ·· ꙇже добромь сръдьцемъ и благомь ·слышавъше слово дръжѧтъ · ꙇ плодъ творѧтъ въ тръпѣнии · ·· ··

     a eže na dobrě zemi sii sǫtĭ ·· iže dobromĭ srŭdĭcemŭ i blagomĭ ·slyšavŭše slovo drŭžętŭ · i plodŭ tvorętŭ vŭ trŭpěnii · ·· ··

     But the seed on good soil stands for those with a noble and good heart, who hear the word, retain it, and by persevering produce a crop

2. beautiful

   Synonyms: доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ), красьнъ (krasĭnŭ), лѣпъ (lěpŭ)

   Antonym: гнѫсьнъ (gnǫsĭnŭ)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 21:5:

     ῾ꙇ единѣмъ гл҃ѭштемь о цр҃кви · ѣко камениемь добромь и съсѫдыоукрашена естъ · рече ·

     ῾i ediněmŭ gl:jǫštemĭ o cr:kvi · ěko kameniemĭ dobromĭ i sŭsǫdyukrašena estŭ · reče ·

     Some of his disciples were remarking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and with gifts dedicated to God. But Jesus said

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 57, line 18:

     доидошꙙ и новосвѣтълꙑѧ благовѣрию подвижьникꙑ· ѥже доухомь господьн҄емь ꙁлатꙑ строуѧ· добрꙑѧ цвѣтьцꙙ крьстиꙗномъ·

     doidošę i novosvětŭlyę blagověriju podvižĭniky· ježe duxomĭ gospodĭnʹemĭ zlaty struę· dobryę cvětĭcę krĭstijanomŭ·

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Derived terms

References

• “добръ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔːbr/, /ˈdoːbr/
• Hyphenation: до‧бръ

Adjective

добръ (dobrŭ)

1. good
   • 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎, page 1:

     Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·

     Dobro estĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·

     The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.

Declension

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: добрый (dobryj)
  • Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
  • Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
• Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
  • Russenorsk: daabra, dobra
  • Solombala English: добра (dobra)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “добръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 681