дума

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f

1. word (unit of language)
2. word, account (the thing one talks about)
3. word, talk, conversation
4. word, promise, pledge
5. word, say, opinion, verdict
6. the right to speak, floor

Declension

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f

1. duma (Russian legislative assembly)

Declension

Further reading

• “дума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

Macedonian

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Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

Noun

дума • (duma) f (plural думи)

1. (regional) word (unit of language)

   Synonym: збор (zbor)

2. (regional) thought

   Synonym: мисла (misla)

Declension

Verb

дума • (duma) third-singular present, impf

1. (regional, archaic) to remember

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

Noun

дума • (duma) f (uncountable)

1. duma (Russian legislature)

Declension

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

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Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)

1. thought, meditation

   Synonyms: мысль (myslʹ), разду́мье (razdúmʹje)

   Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он! - The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!

2. duma (Russian legislature)

   Synonym: парла́мент (parláment)

Declension

Related terms

• ду́матель (dúmatelʹ)
• ду́мный (dúmnyj)
• ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

Descendants

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

English Wikipedia has an article on:

duma (epic)

Wikipedia

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)

1. A thought, meditation, idea.
2. A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy.

Declension

Derived terms

• думка (dumka) (diminutive)
• dumka (English)

Related terms

• ду́мати (dúmaty)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дума”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka