дух
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See also: доухъ
Belarusian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
дух • (dux) m pers (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хі, genitive plural ду́хаў)
Declension
Declension of дух (pr velar masc-form accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дух dux |
ду́хі dúxi |
| genitive | ду́ха dúxa |
ду́хаў dúxaŭ |
| dative | ду́ху dúxu |
ду́хам dúxam |
| accusative | ду́ха dúxa |
ду́хаў dúxaŭ |
| instrumental | ду́хам dúxam |
ду́хамі dúxami |
| locative | ду́ху dúxu |
ду́хах dúxax |
| count form | — | ду́хі1 dúxi1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
Noun
дух • (dux) m inan (genitive ду́ху, uncountable)
- spirit
- Баявы́ дух. ― Bajavý dux. ― Fighting spirit.
Declension
Declension of дух (inan sg-only velar masc-form accent-a)
References
- “дух” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
дух • (duh) m
Declension
Declension of дух
References
- “дух”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “дух”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
дух • (duh) m (plural ду́хови, relational adjective ду́ховен)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | дух (duh) | духови (duhovi) |
| definite unspecified | духот (duhot) | духовите (duhovite) |
| definite proximal | духов (duhov) | духовиве (duhovive) |
| definite distal | духон (duhon) | духовине (duhovine) |
| vocative | духу (duhu) | духови (duhovi) |
| count form | — | духа (duha) |
References
- “дух” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − drmj.eu
Russian
Alternative forms
- духъ (dux) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
дух • (dux) m anim or m inan (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хов, relational adjective духово́й)
- spirit
- боево́й дух ― bojevój dux ― morale (literally, “fighting spirit”)
- не в ду́хе ― ne v dúxe ― in a bad mood
- mind
- courage
- ghost
- breath
- scent
- rebel (especially in Afghanistan; from душма́н (dušmán))
- (military, slang) new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers
Declension
Declension of дух (bian masc-form velar-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ду́х dúx |
ду́хи dúxi | |
| genitive | ду́ха dúxa |
ду́хов dúxov | |
| dative | ду́ху dúxu |
ду́хам dúxam | |
| accusative | animate | ду́ха dúxa |
ду́хов dúxov |
| inanimate | ду́х dúx |
ду́хи dúxi | |
| instrumental | ду́хом dúxom |
ду́хами dúxami | |
| prepositional | ду́хе dúxe |
ду́хах dúxax | |
| partitive | ду́ху dúxu |
||
| locative | духу́ duxú |
||
| vocative | ду́ше dúše |
||
Related terms
- во́здух (vózdux)
- духи́ (duxí)
- духо́вный (duxóvnyj)
- души́стый (dušístyj)
- ду́шный (dúšnyj)
- душо́к (dušók)
Descendants
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-.
Pronunciation
Noun
ду̏х m (Latin spelling dȕh)
- ghost
- spirit
- Исус, пак пун Духа Светог, врати се од Јордана, и одведе Га Дух у пустињу, […]
- Isus, pak pun Duha Svetog, vrati se od Jordana, i odvede Ga Duh u pustinju,
- Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, left the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,
Declension
Declension of дух
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ду̏х | ду̀хови / ду̏си |
| genitive | духа | ду̀хо̄ва̄ / ду̑ха̄ |
| dative | духу | ду̀ховима / ду̏сима |
| accusative | духа | ду̀хове / ду̏хе |
| vocative | ду̏ше | ду̀хови / ду̏си |
| locative | духу | ду̀ховима / ду̏сима |
| instrumental | духом | ду̀ховима / ду̏сима |
Related terms
Further reading
- “дух”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
дух • (dux) m inan (genitive ду́ху, uncountable)
Declension
Declension of дух (inan sg-only velar masc-form accent-a)
Noun
дух • (dux) m pers (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хів)
Declension
Declension of дух (pers velar masc-form accent-a)
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дух”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “дух”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN