душман

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Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman).

Pronunciation

Noun

душма́н (dušmánm (relational adjective душма́нски)

  1. (obsolete or colloquial) Alternative form of душма́нин (dušmánin).

Declension

References

  • душман”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • душман”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Karaim

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe.

References

  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “душман”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kumyk

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe

Declension

Further reading

  • Бамматов Б.Г., editor (2013), “душман”, in Кумыкско-русский словарь [Kumyk–Russian dictionary], Makhachkala: ИЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН

Macedonian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

душман (dušmanm (plural душмани, feminine душманка, relational adjective душмански)

  1. enemy, fiend (an aggressive one)

Declension

Declension of душман
singular plural
indefinite душман (dušman) душмани (dušmani)
definite unspecified душманот (dušmanot) душманите (dušmanite)
definite proximal душманов (dušmanov) душманиве (dušmanive)
definite distal душманон (dušmanon) душманине (dušmanine)
vocative душману (dušmanu) душмани (dušmani)
count form душмана (dušmana)

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman).

Pronunciation

Noun

душма́н (dušmánm anim (genitive душма́на, nominative plural душма́ны, genitive plural душма́нов)

  1. (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan) mujahid, enemy

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman). Akin to душма̀нлук and ди̑н-ду̏шман.

Pronunciation

  • (dùšmān): IPA(key): /dûʃman/
  • (dùšmān): IPA(key): /dǔʃmaːn/
  • Hyphenation: душ‧ман

Noun

ду̏шман m (Latin spelling dȕšman) or ду̀шма̄н m (Latin spelling dùšmān)

  1. (expressively) enemy
    Synonym: nèprijatelj

Declension

References

  • душман”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
  • Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 229

Tajik

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian دُشْمَن (dušman).

Pronunciation

Noun

душман (dušman) (Persian spelling دشمن)

  1. enemy
    Баъд аз 3 соли ҷанг бо душманони дохиливу хориҷӣ болшевикон тавонистанд ҳакимятро дар собиқ Империяи Русия ба даст оранд.Baʾd az 3 sol-i jang bo dušmanon-i doxilivu xoriji bolševikon tavonistand hakimyatro dar sobiq Imperiya-yi Rusiya ba dast orand.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Inflection

Inflection of душман
singular plural
bare душман (dušman) душманон (dušmanon)1
definite
object
душманро (dušmanro) душманонро (dušmanonro)1 ро (ro) ро (ro)
izofa душмани (dušman-i) душманони (dušmanon-i)1 и (i) и (i)
indefinite,
definite
relative
bare душмане (dušmane)
object душманеро (dušmanero)

1The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (душманҳо (dušmanho)), is also acceptable.

Possessive forms of душман
singular plural
bare 1st singular душманам (dušmanam) душманонам (dušmanonam)1 ам (am) ам (am)
2nd singular душманат (dušmanat) душманонат (dušmanonat)1 ат (at) ат (at)
3rd singular душманаш (dušmanaš) душманонаш (dušmanonaš)1 аш () аш ()
1st plural душманамон (dušmanamon) душманонамон (dušmanonamon)1 амон (amon) амон (amon)
2nd plural душманатон (dušmanaton) душманонатон (dušmanonaton)1 атон (aton) атон (aton)
3rd plural душманашон (dušmanašon) душманонашон (dušmanonašon)1 ашон (ašon) ашон (ašon)
singular plural
definite
object
1st singular душманамро (dušmanamro) душманонамро (dušmanonamro)1 амро (amro) амро (amro)
2nd singular душманатро (dušmanatro) душманонатро (dušmanonatro)1 атро (atro) атро (atro)
3rd singular душманашро (dušmanašro) душманонашро (dušmanonašro)1 ашро (ašro) ашро (ašro)
1st plural душманамонро (dušmanamonro) душманонамонро (dušmanonamonro)1 амонро (amonro) амонро (amonro)
2nd plural душманатонро (dušmanatonro) душманонатонро (dušmanonatonro)1 атонро (atonro) атонро (atonro)
3rd plural душманашонро (dušmanašonro) душманонашонро (dušmanonašonro)1 ашонро (ašonro) ашонро (ašonro)

1The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (душманҳо (dušmanho)), is also acceptable.

Urum

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe.

References

  • Oleksandr Harkavecʹ (2000) Urumsʹkyj Slovnyk [Urum-Ukrainian Dictionary], Almaty: Ynstytut Sxodoznavstva Myžnarodnyx Vydnosyn Xarkyvsʹkyj Kolehyum, →ISBN