еда

• ѣда́ (jědá) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěda, from *(j)ěsti (“to eat”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), Latin edō, Sanskrit अत्ति (átti), Lithuanian ė́sti (“to eat (of animals), to swallow, to gobble”), Hittite 𒂊𒀉𒈪 (eidmi, “I eat”), Old English etan (English eat).

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еда́ • (jedá) f inan (genitive еды́, uncountable)

1. food

   Synonyms: пита́ние (pitánije), пи́ща (píšča); (colloquial) жратва́ (žratvá), кормёжка (kormjóžka), хавчик (xavčik), харчи́ (xarčí)

2. meal

   Synonyms: блю́до (bljúdo), (colloquial) жратва́ (žratvá), хавчик (xavčik)

3. eating

   во время еды́ ― vo vremja jedý ― while eating

Eда́ is more the general concept or idea of edible sustenance, rather than something specific. For instance, if one would like to say, "Let's get some food," it is better to say, "Давай купим что-нибудь поесть," not, "Давай купим еду."