зима

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Bulgarian

Bulgarian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia bg

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation(key): зи‧ма

Noun

зи́ма (zímaf (relational adjective зи́мен)

  1. winter, wintertime

Declension

Declension of зи́ма
singular plural
indefinite зи́ма
zíma
зи́ми
zími
definite зи́мата
zímata
зи́мите
zímite

Coordinate terms

Seasons in Bulgarian · сезо́ни (sezóni) (layout · text) · category
про́лет (prólet, spring) ля́то (ljáto, summer) е́сен (ésen, autumn) зи́ма (zíma, winter)

Derived terms

References

  • зима”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • зима”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зима”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 640-641

Macedonian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Noun

зима (zimaf (plural зими, relational adjective зимски or зимен, augmentative зимиште)

  1. winter, wintertime
Declension
Declension of зима
singular plural
indefinite зима (zima) зими (zimi)
definite unspecified зимата (zimata) зимите (zimite)
definite proximal зимава (zimava) зимиве (zimive)
definite distal зимана (zimana) зимине (zimine)
vocative зимо (zimo) зими (zimi)
Coordinate terms
Seasons in Macedonian · годишни времиња (godišni vreminja) (layout · text) · category
пролет (prolet, spring) лето (leto, summer) есен (esen, autumn) зима (zima, winter)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

зима (zima) third-singular presentimpf (perfective земе)

  1. (transitive, nonstandard) to take
  2. (transitive, nonstandard) to get
Conjugation
Conjugation of зима (imperfective, present in )
l-participles imperfect aorist non-finite forms
masculine зимал (zimal) adjectival participle зиман (ziman)
feminine зимала (zimala) adverbial participle зимајќи (zimajḱi)
neuter зимало (zimalo) verbal noun зимање (zimanje)
plural зимале (zimale) perfect participle зимано (zimano)
finite forms present imperfect aorist imperative
1st singular зимам (zimam) зимав (zimav)
2nd singular зимаш (zimaš) зимаше (zimaše) зимај (zimaj)
3rd singular зима (zima) зимаше (zimaše)
1st plural зимаме (zimame) зимавме (zimavme)
2nd plural зимате (zimate) зимавте (zimavte) зимајте (zimajte)
3rd plural зимаат (zimaat) зимаа (zimaa)
compound tenses
perfect сум зимал (sum zimal) present of сум (except in the 3rd person) +
imperfect l-participle
има-perfect имам зимано (imam zimano) present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect бев зимал (bev zimal) imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect имав зимано (imav zimano) imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported сум имал зимано (sum imal zimano) perfect of има + perfect participle
future ќе зимам (ḱe zimam) ќе + present
има-future ќе имам зимано (ḱe imam zimano) future of има + perfect participle
future in the past ќе зимав (ḱe zimav) ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past ќе имав зимано (ḱe imav zimano) future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported ќе сум зимал (ḱe sum zimal) ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported ќе сум имал зимано (ḱe sum imal zimano) future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional би зимал (bi zimal) би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional би имал зимано (bi imal zimano) conditional of има + perfect participle
Synonyms

References

  • зима” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − drmj.eu

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Noun

зима (zimaf

  1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative зима
zima
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy
genitive зимꙑ
zimy
зимоу
zimu
зимъ
zimŭ
dative зимѣ
zimě
зимама
zimama
зимамъ
zimamŭ
accusative зимѫ
zimǫ
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy
instrumental зимоѭ
zimojǫ
зимама
zimama
зимами
zimami
locative зимѣ
zimě
зимоу
zimu
зимахъ
zimaxŭ
vocative зимо
zimo
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zimà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ziˈmɑ//zʲiˈma//zʲiˈma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ziˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /zʲiˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /zʲiˈma/

  • Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

зима (zimaf

  1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative зима
zima
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy
genitive зимꙑ
zimy
зиму
zimu
зимъ
zimŭ
dative зимѣ
zimě
зимама
zimama
зимамъ
zimamŭ
accusative зимѫ
zimǫ
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy
instrumental зимоѭ
zimojǫ
зимама
zimama
зимами
zimami
locative зимѣ
zimě
зиму
zimu
зимахъ
zimaxŭ
vocative зимо
zimo
зимѣ
zimě
зимꙑ
zimy

Descendants

  • Old Ruthenian: зима (zima)
  • Russian: зима́ (zimá)

References

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “зима”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 978

Russian

Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

Noun

зима́ (zimáf inan (genitive зимы́, nominative plural зи́мы, genitive plural зим, relational adjective зи́мний)

  1. winter
    зимо́йzimójin (the) winter / during winter
    на́ зимуzimufor (the) winter

Declension

Derived terms

Compound words:

Compounds:

Phrases
Proverbs
Borrowed

See also

Seasons in Russian · время года (vremja goda) (layout · text) · category
весна́ (vesná, spring) ле́то (léto, summer) о́сень (ósenʹ, autumn) зима́ (zimá, winter)

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зима”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “зима”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 325

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zǐːma/
  • Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

зи́ма f (Latin spelling zíma)

  1. winter
  2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

Declension of зима
singular plural
nominative зима зиме
genitive зиме зима
dative зими зимама
accusative зиму зиме
vocative зимо зиме
locative зими зимама
instrumental зимом зимама

See also

Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
spring:
proleće, proljeće
пролеће, прољеће
summer:
leto, ljeto
лето, љето
autumn:
jesen
јесен
winter:
zima
зима

References

  • зима”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

Noun

зима́ (zymáf inan (genitive зими́, nominative plural зими́, genitive plural зим)

  1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима́
(inan hard fem-form accent-b)
singular plural
nominative зима́
zymá
зими́
zymý
genitive зими́
zymý
зим
zym
dative зимі́
zymí
зима́м
zymám
accusative зиму́
zymú
зими́
zymý
instrumental зимо́ю
zymóju
зима́ми
zymámy
locative зимі́
zymí
зима́х
zymáx
vocative зимо́
zymó
зими́
zymý

See also

Seasons in Ukrainian · пори року (pory roku) (layout · text) · category
весна (vesna, spring) літо (lito, summer) осінь (osinʹ, autumn) зима (zyma, winter)

References