з-

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See also: з, ѕ, З, and ӟ

Abkhaz

Alternative forms

Prefix

з- (z-)

  1. (1st person singular pronoun) I.

Usage notes

Used in some transitive verbs for 1st-person singular as the subject, instead of с- (s-).

усбоит → узбоитuzbojtʼI see you
исгоит → изгоитizgojtʼI take it
иузысгеит → иузызгеитiwzəzgejtʼI took it for you
исдыруеит → издыруеитizdərwejtʼI know it

See also

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic съ- (sŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-.

Alternative forms

  1. (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
    з- (z-) + ‎ї́сти impf (jísty, to eat) → ‎з'ї́сти pf (zʺjísty)
    з- (z-) + ‎роби́ти impf (robýty, to do, to make) → ‎зроби́ти pf (zrobýty)
    з- (z-) + ‎розумі́ти impf (rozumíty, to understand) → ‎зрозумі́ти pf (zrozumíty)
  2. (used with verbs) together (indicates bringing together literally or abstractly)
    з- (z-) + ‎в'яза́ти impf (vʺjazáty, to bind, to tie) → ‎зв'яза́ти pf (zvʺjazáty, to bind/tie together, to connect, to link)
    зі- (zi-) + ‎бра́ти impf (bráty, to take) → ‎зібра́ти pf (zibráty, to collect, to gather, to assemble)
    зі- (zi-) + ‎ста́вити impf (stávyty, to put) → ‎зіста́вити pf (zistávyty, to put together, to compare)
  3. (used with verbs) down (indicates downward movement)
    зі- (zi-) + ‎йти́ impf (jtý, to go) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, to go down, to descend)
    з- (z-) + ‎нести impf (nesty, to carry) → ‎знести́ pf (znestý, to carry down, to demolish)
    з- (z-) + ‎бити impf (byty, to hit, to strike) → ‎зби́ти pf (zbýty, to knock down, to shoot down, to down)
  4. (used with verbs) off, from (indicates removal or extraction from somewhere)
    з- (z-) + ‎-няти impf (-njaty, to take) → ‎зня́ти pf (znjáty, to take off)
    з- (z-) + ‎де́рти impf (dérty, to tear) → ‎зде́рти pf (zdérty, to tear off)
    з- (z-) + ‎чита́ти impf (čytáty, to read) → ‎(computing) зчита́ти pf (zčytáty, to read off, to read)
    с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, to write) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, to copy, to plagiarize)
  5. (used to form adverbs) from
    з- (z-) + ‎гора́ (horá, mountain) → ‎згори́ (zhorý, from above)
    з- (z-) + ‎верх (verx, top) → ‎зве́рху (zvérxu, from above)
  6. (used to form prefixes)
    з- (z-) + ‎не (ne) → ‎зне- (zne-, dis-, de-)
    с- (s-) + ‎пів (piv, half) → ‎спів- (spiv-, co-)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic въз- (vŭz-), from Proto-Slavic *vъz-.

Alternative forms

Prefix

з- (z-)

  1. (used with verbs) up, upward, upwards (indicates upward movement)
    зі- (zi-) + ‎йти impf (jty, to go) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, to go up, to ascend)
    з- (z-) + ‎леті́ти impf (letíty, to fly) → ‎злеті́ти pf (zletíty, to fly up, to take off)
    з- (z-) + ‎вести impf (vesty, to lead, to take) → ‎звести́ pf (zvestý, to raise, to erect, to lift up, to cock (a trigger))
    з- (z-) + ‎рости́ти impf (rostýty, to grow, to raise) → ‎зрости́ти pf (zrostýty, to grow, to bring up)
    з- (z-) + ‎би́ти impf (býty, to beat) → ‎зби́ти pf (zbýty, to fluff (pillow), to whip, to whisk, to beat (eggs))
    вс- (vs-) + ‎ста́ти impf (státy, to stand) → ‎вста́ти pf (vstáty, to stand up, to rise, to wake up)
  2. (used with verbs) indicates suddenness, abruptness or intensity
    з- (z-) + ‎буди́ти impf (budýty, to wake up, to awaken) → ‎збуди́ти pf (zbudýty, to excite, to arouse, to stimulate)
    с- (s-) + ‎кри́кнути pf (krýknuty, to shout out, to cry out) → ‎скри́кнути pf (skrýknuty, to shout out suddenly)
    з- (z-) + ‎-ривати impf (-ryvaty, to tear) → ‎зрива́ти impf (zryváty, to blow up, to trigger)
    с- (s-) + ‎палахну́ти pf (palaxnúty, to inflame, to flash, to blaze) → ‎спалахну́ти pf (spalaxnúty, to blaze up, to burst into flames, to break out)
  3. (used with verbs) re-, back
    с- (s-) + ‎пам'ята́ти impf (pamʺjatáty, to) → ‎спам'ята́ти pf (spamʺjatáty, to remember, to recall)
    з- (z-) + ‎верну́ти impf (vernúty, to turn) → ‎(rare) зверну́ти pf (zvernúty, to turn back)
  4. (used to form nouns) next to, by, along
    уз- (uz-) + ‎гора́ (horá, mountain) + ‎ (-ja) → ‎узгір'я (uzhirʺja, hillside, hillslope)
    уз- (uz-) + ‎ліс (lis, forest) + ‎ (-ja) → ‎узлі́сся (uzlíssja, forest edge, woodland edge)
    уз- (uz-) + ‎бе́рег (béreh, bank, shore) + ‎ (-ja) → ‎узбере́жжя (uzberéžžja, coastline, seashore, littoral)
    уз- (uz-) + ‎голова́ (holová, head) + ‎ (-ja) → ‎узголо́в'я (uzholóvʺja, bedhead, head of the bed)
  5. (used to form adverbs/prepositions) along
    уз- (uz-) + ‎до́вгий (dóvhyj, long) → ‎уздо́вж (uzdóvž, lengthwise, lengthways, along)
    на- (na-) + ‎вс- (vs-) + ‎пак (pak, back) → ‎(dialectal) навспа́к (navspák, back, backward, backwards)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old East Slavic из- (iz-), from Proto-Slavic *jьz-.

Alternative forms

Prefix

з- (z-)

  1. (used with verbs) indicates full extent, intensity or full completion
    з- (z-) + ‎ї́здити impf (jízdyty, to go) → ‎з'ї́здити pf (zʺjízdyty, to have gone/traveled everywhere)
    с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, to fly) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, to write all over, to fill with writings)
    іс- (is-) + ‎-пи́тувати impf (-pýtuvaty, to ask) → ‎іспи́тувати impf (ispýtuvaty, to test, to trial)
    з- (z-) + ‎-міни́ти impf (-minýty, to change) → ‎зміни́ти pf (zminýty, to change, to alter, to modify)
    з- (z-) + ‎cуши́ти impf (cušýty, to dry) → ‎зсуши́ти pf (zsušýty, to dry out, to desiccate, to exhaust)
  2. (used with verbs) ex-, out (indicates elimination, exhaustion or brining to an end)
    з- (z-) + ‎вести́ impf (vestý, to lead, to drive) → ‎звести́ pf (zvestý, to exterminate, to torment, to waste)
    з- (z-) + ‎жи́ти impf (žýty, to live) → ‎зжи́ти pf (zžýty, to get rid of, to eradicate)
    с- (s-) + ‎-корени́ти impf (-korenýty, to root) → ‎скорени́ти pf (skorenýty, to eradicate, to root out)
    з- (z-) + ‎ни́кнути impf (nýknuty, to droop, to wilt) → ‎зни́кнути pf (znýknuty, to disappear, to perish)
  3. (used with verbs, obsolete or dialectal) ex-, out (indicates outward movement)
    з- (z-) + ‎ходи́ти impf (xodýty, to walk) → ‎зхо́дити impf (zxódyty, to leave)
  4. (used to form adverbs) from
    з- (z-) + ‎нови́й (novýj, new) → ‎зно́ву (znóvu, again)
    с- (s-) + ‎поча́ток (počátok, beginning, start) → ‎споча́тку (spočátku, from the start, anew, at first)
    з- (z-) + ‎низ (nyz, bottom) → ‎зни́зу (znýzu, from below, from the bottom)
  5. (used to form prepositions) from
    з- (z-) + ‎за (za, behind) → ‎з-за (z-za, from behind, because of, due to)
    з- (z-) + ‎під (pid, under) → ‎з-під (z-pid, from under)

Derived terms