кал

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ

Noun

кал • (kal) f

1. mud, dirt

Declension

References

• “кал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “кал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• лак (lak)

Erzya

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: кал

Noun

кал • (kal)

1. fish
   • 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:

     I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?

     Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Hyponyms

• сэрьге (seŕge, “roach”)

References

• B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “кал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
• Entry #228 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)

1. mud

Declension

(Masculine declension)

(Feminine declension)

Derived terms

Moksha

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal/
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: кал

Noun

кал • (kal)

1. fish

Declension

Derived terms

References

• V. I. Shchankina (1993) “кал”, in Мокшень-рузонь валкс [Moksha-Russian dictionary], Saransk: MKI, →ISBN, page 41

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).

Alternative forms

• калъ (kal) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)

1. dung, excrement, feces, poo

   Synonyms: испражне́ния (ispražnénija), наво́з (navóz), помёт (pomjót), стул (stul), экскреме́нты (ekskreménty), фека́лии (fekálii)

Declension

Derived terms

• ка́ловый (kálovyj)

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):  (phonetic respelling: кало́рия)

Noun

кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)

1. cal, calorie

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâːl/

Noun

ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)

1. mud

   Synonyms: блато, муљ, каљуга

Declension

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)

1. excrement, feces, poo, dung
2. (figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit
3. (dated or dialectal) dirt, mud

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кал”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “кал”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)
• “кал”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “кал”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)