клеймо

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian клеймо́ (klejmó), of Germanic origin (cognate with dial. English cloam).

Pronunciation

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Noun

клеймо́ • (klejmó) n

1. (historical) brand (on a slave or criminal)
   1. postmark, stamp, seal
   2. (figurative) stain, mark, stigma

      Synonyms: петно́ (petnó), сти́гма (stígma)

Declension

Derived terms

• кле́ймя (kléjmja), заклеймя́вам (zaklejmjávam, “to stigmatize”)

References

• “клеймо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “клеймо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Russian

Etymology

Dialectally also клейно́ (klejnó); cognate with Ukrainian клеймо́ (klejmó), клейно́ (klejnó) and Belarusian кляймо́ (kljajmó), кляйно́ (kljajnó). Per Vasmer, borrowed from unattested Old High German *kleim (“glue, clay, mortar”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaim.

(Only Old High German kleimen (“to smear, to oil”) is attested, but the vowel sequence -ей- is most easily derived from Old High German or Old Norse among the Germanic languages, and Vasmer specifically denies a derivation from Old Norse kleima.)

Compare Old English clām (“clay, mud”) (whence dialectal English cloam (“clay”)), Middle Low German klēm (“glue, mortar, plaster”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

клеймо́ • (klejmó) n inan (genitive клейма́, nominative plural кле́йма, genitive plural клейм)

1. brand, stamp, identification mark
2. (figuratively) stain, taint as in tainted reputation
3. stigma

Declension

Related terms

• клейми́ть (klejmítʹ), заклейми́ть (zaklejmítʹ)
• клейма не́где ста́вить (klejma négde stávitʹ)

Descendants

• → Finnish: leima
• → Ingrian: kleima

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клеймо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress