куда
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Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Related to dialectal ку́да се (kúda se, “to gratify”). Further origin disputed:
- Mladenov: Collective noun from Proto-Slavic *ku- (“pile, stack”) + *-da, akin to Bulgarian куп (kup, “pile, heap”), Russian ку́ча (kúča, “id.”).
- Georgiev (БЕР): Postverbal from ку́дя (kúdja, “to prosecute”) + -а (-a), originally meaning “mob, gang, crowd” with negative connotation.
Pronunciation
Noun
ку́да • (kúda) f (diminutive ку́дица) (dialectal)
- (Eastern dialects) group, ensemble, fellowship
- Synonyms: дружи́на (družína), гру́па (grúpa)
- ку́да рабо́тници ― kúda rabótnici ― working group, group of workers
- (Rhodopian dialects) flock, swarm
- (Upper Shop dialects) caroling choir
- Synonym: коледа́рска дружи́на (koledárska družína)
Declension
Declension of ку́да
Derived terms
- уку́двам се (ukúdvam se, “to associate with”)
- ку́дя (kúdja, “to associate; to kiss”)
- ку́даджия (kúdadžija, “lead of caroling choir”) (diaelctal)
References
- “куда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “куда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 75
- Nayden Gerov (1897) “ку́да”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 428
Etymology 2
Likely related to the noun. According to Georgiev (БЕР), the secondary meaning “to tend, to protect” follows from an earlier “to befriend”.
Pronunciation
Verb
ку́да • (kúda) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ку́дна) (dialectal)
- (transitive, obsolete) to associate with, to form relationship
- (transitive, in Strandzha, by extension) to tend, to protect, to heed
- (transitive, by extension) to kiss platonically, to osculate
- (reflexive with се) to express appreciation towards (usually + с (s, “with”))
Conjugation
Conjugation of ку́да (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ку́дещ kúdešt |
кул kul |
ку́дел kúdel |
ку́ден kúden |
ку́дейки kúdejki | |
| definite subject form | ку́дещият kúdeštijat |
ку́лият kúlijat |
— | ку́деният kúdenijat | |||
| definite object form | ку́дещия kúdeštija |
ку́лия kúlija |
— | ку́дения kúdenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ку́деща kúdešta |
ку́ла kúla |
ку́дела kúdela |
ку́дена kúdena | ||
| definite | ку́дещата kúdeštata |
ку́лата kúlata |
— | ку́дената kúdenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ку́дещо kúdešto |
ку́ло kúlo |
ку́дело kúdelo |
ку́дено kúdeno |
ку́дене kúdene | |
| definite | ку́дещото kúdeštoto |
ку́лото kúloto |
— | ку́деното kúdenoto |
ку́денето kúdeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ку́дещи kúdešti |
ку́ли kúli |
ку́дели kúdeli |
ку́дени kúdeni |
ку́дения, ку́денета kúdenija, kúdeneta | |
| definite | ку́дещите kúdeštite |
ку́лите kúlite |
— | ку́дените kúdenite |
ку́денията, ку́денетата kúdenijata, kúdenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ку́да kúda |
ку́деш kúdeš |
ку́де kúde |
ку́дем kúdem |
ку́дете kúdete |
ку́дат kúdat | |
| imperfect | ку́дех kúdeh |
ку́деше kúdeše |
ку́деше kúdeše |
ку́дехме kúdehme |
ку́дехте kúdehte |
ку́деха kúdeha | |
| aorist | ку́дох kúdoh |
ку́де kúde |
ку́де kúde |
ку́дохме kúdohme |
ку́дохте kúdohte |
ку́доха kúdoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| куди́ kudí |
куде́те kudéte |
||||||
Alternative forms
Related terms
- ку́тя (kútja, “to tend, to look after a child”) (dialectal)
See also
- целу́вам (celúvam, “to kiss romantically”)
References
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кудя², куда, кудем; кудя³ (куде)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 77
Erzya
Etymology
Borrowed from Tatar кода (qoda).
Pronunciation
Noun
куда • (kuda)
Declension
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- кудава (kudava)
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “куда”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
Russian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.
Pronunciation
Adverb
куда́ • (kudá)
- (to) where?
- Куда́ идёшь? ― Kudá idjóšʹ? ― Where are you going?
- why?
- (colloquial, in a comparison) much (more), a lot (more)
- Synonyms: гора́здо (gorázdo), намно́го (namnógo)
- Настоя́щая причи́на звуча́ла куда́ прозаи́чнее. ― Nastojáščaja pričína zvučála kudá prozaíčneje. ― The real reason was far more prosaic.
Derived terms
- куда́-либо (kudá-libo)
- куда́-нибудь (kudá-nibudʹ)
- куда́-то (kudá-to)
- не́куда (nékuda)
- отку́да (otkúda)
- доку́да (dokúda)
- никуды́шный (nikudýšnyj)
Related terms
See also
- туда́ (tudá)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.
Adverb
ку̀да (Latin spelling kùda)
- which way, in what direction
- Куда си ишао?
- Which way did you go?
Conjunction
куда (Latin spelling kuda)
- which way, in what direction