кулак

• kułak — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Probably from Turkic.

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• Rhymes: -ak

кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў)

1. fist (clenched hand)

кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў, feminine кула́чка)

1. (historical, usually derogatory) kulak

   Synonym: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ)

• “кулак” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian Wikipedia has an article on:

Кулаци

Wikipedia ^bg

Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”), probably of Turkic origin.

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кула́к • (kulák) m (feminine кула́чка)

1. (historical, Soviet society) kulak (free farmer within the Communist bloc who opposed collectivization)

• “кулак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “кулак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

• кулах (kulax)

• IPA^(key): /ˈkulak/

кулак (kulak)

1. second-person singular indicative present of куллэ (kulle)

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Southern Altai кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ, Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.

кулак • (kulak) (Arabic spelling قۇلاق)

1. ear

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak.

кулак • (kulak)

1. ear

• N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “кулак”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

• кула́къ (kulák) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Probably from Turkic, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (“arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” → “tightfisted person”.

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кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, relational adjective кула́чный, diminutive кулачо́к)

1. fist
2. (military) concentrated force
3. (mechanical) cam

кула́к • (kulák) m anim (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цкий, diminutive кулачо́к)

1. (historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)

   Synonym: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ)

• кула́чный (kuláčnyj)
• кула́чество (kuláčestvo)
• кулачо́к (kulačók)
• раскула́чивать (raskuláčivatʹ)
• подкула́чник (podkuláčnik, “subkulak”)
• раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “repression against kulaks”)

• → English: kulak
• → Ingrian: kulakka
• → Turkish: kulak
• → Uzbek: quloq

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Kyrgyz кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ, Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.

кулак • (kulak)

1. ear

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Turkish kulak.

• IPA^(key): /qʊˈɫaq/

кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)

1. ear

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кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, relational adjective кула́чний, diminutive кулачо́к)

1. fist
2. cog

кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цький, diminutive кулачо́к)

1. (historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)

   Synonym: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кулак”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “кулак”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)
• “кулак”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)