кутя
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Bulgarian
Etymology
Reflects Proto-Slavic *kutiti (possibly *kǫtiti), with original meaning unclear. Proposed etymologies:
- Of grammatical origin: An o-vocalism of outdated Bulgarian чу́тя (čútja, “to perceive, to comprehend”), from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”). Akin to Bulgarian чу́я (čúja), чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”), with similar semantic development as Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”) (dialectally: “to keep, to take care”), гле́дам (glédam, “to watch, to observe”) (secondary: “to look after”), па́зя (pázja, “to guard, to protect”) (originally: “to spectate”), Proto-Slavic *xovati (“to heed”).
- Of expressive origin: An iterative form of dialectal Bulgarian ку́там (kútam), къ́там (kǎ́tam, “to hide, to shelter”) + -я (-ja), probably from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Akin to Greek borrowing кути́я (kutíja, “box”).
Pronunciation
Verb
ку́тя • (kútja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive, dialectal) to heed, to coddle, to take care (of a child, an animal)
- Synonyms: обгри́жвам (obgrížvam), нагле́ждам (nagléždam), (dialectal) чу́вам (čúvam)
- (by extension) to feed, to nourish
- Synonym: охра́нвам (ohránvam)
- (reflexive with се) to take care, to pamper oneself
Conjugation
Conjugation of ку́тя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ку́тещ kútešt |
ку́тил, кути́л1 kútil, kutíl1 |
ку́тел kútel |
ку́тен kúten |
ку́тейки kútejki | |
| definite subject form | ку́тещият kúteštijat |
ку́тилият, кути́лият1 kútilijat, kutílijat1 |
— | ку́теният kútenijat | |||
| definite object form | ку́тещия kúteštija |
ку́тилия, кути́лия1 kútilija, kutílija1 |
— | ку́тения kútenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ку́теща kútešta |
ку́тила, кути́ла1 kútila, kutíla1 |
ку́тела kútela |
ку́тена kútena | ||
| definite | ку́тещата kúteštata |
ку́тилата, кути́лата1 kútilata, kutílata1 |
— | ку́тената kútenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ку́тещо kútešto |
ку́тило, кути́ло1 kútilo, kutílo1 |
ку́тело kútelo |
ку́тено kúteno |
ку́тене kútene | |
| definite | ку́тещото kúteštoto |
ку́тилото, кути́лото1 kútiloto, kutíloto1 |
— | ку́теното kútenoto |
ку́тенето kúteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ку́тещи kútešti |
ку́тили, кути́ли1 kútili, kutíli1 |
ку́тели kúteli |
ку́тени kúteni |
ку́тения, ку́тенета kútenija, kúteneta | |
| definite | ку́тещите kúteštite |
ку́тилите, кути́лите1 kútilite, kutílite1 |
— | ку́тените kútenite |
ку́тенията, ку́тенетата kútenijata, kútenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ку́тя kútja |
ку́тиш kútiš |
ку́ти kúti |
ку́тим kútim |
ку́тите kútite |
ку́тят kútjat | |
| imperfect | ку́тех kúteh |
ку́теше kúteše |
ку́теше kúteše |
ку́техме kútehme |
ку́техте kútehte |
ку́теха kúteha | |
| aorist | ку́тих, кути́х1 kútih, kutíh1 |
ку́ти, кути́1 kúti, kutí1 |
ку́ти, кути́1 kúti, kutí1 |
ку́тихме, кути́хме1 kútihme, kutíhme1 |
ку́тихте, кути́хте1 kútihte, kutíhte1 |
ку́тиха, кути́ха1 kútiha, kutíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| кути́ kutí |
куте́те kutéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
Related terms
- ку́ткам (kútkam, “to caress, to rock (a baby)”) (dialectal)
- ку́ня (kúnja, “to calm, to fondle”) (dialectal)
- ки́тя (kítja), ки́ча (kíča, “to dress, to put on (garment, jewellery)”)
References
- “кутя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кутя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 163
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ку́тѫ, -ишь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 436
Russian
Pronunciation
Participle
кутя́ • (kutjá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of кути́ть (kutítʹ)
Ukrainian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
кутя́ • (kutjá) f inan (genitive куті́, nominative plural куті́, genitive plural куте́й)
- a dish of boiled wheat and honey served at Christmas, New Year's, Epiphany, funerals, equivalent to колива/koliva served in the Balkans, but mixed with ground poppyseed like Lithuanian aguonų pienas
- Synonyms: (Bukovynian dialect) пшениця (pšenycja, literally “wheat”), (Hutsul dialect) здобавка (zdobavka, literally “very good”)
- (folklore) a holiday meal involving the wheat dish
- багата кутя (also святвечір (svjatvečir), свята вечеря (svjata večerja)) ― bahata kutja ― bountiful kutia, Christmas Eve supper
- щедра кутя (also Маланка (Malanka), старий новий рік (staryj novyj rik)) ― ščedra kutja ― generous kutia, New Year's Eve supper
- голодна кутя (also Йордан (Jordan), другий святвечір (druhyj svjatvečir)) ― holodna kutja ― hungry kutia, Epiphany Eve supper