над

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

над • (nad)

1. above, over

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Equivalent to на (na, “on”) +‎ -д (-d).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Preposition

над • (nad)

1. above, over

Anagrams

• дан (dan), над- (nad-)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Preposition

над • (nad)

1. above, over

   Галеби летаат над морето. ― Galebi letaat nad moreto. ― Seagulls are flying above the sea.

Mongolian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: над

Pronoun

над • (nad)

1. the oblique form of би (bi, “I”)

Russian

Alternative forms

• надъ (nad) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• IPA^(key): (before a stressed syllable)

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): (when stressed)
• Note: The final becomes a before the voiced consonants б (b), г (g), д (d), ж (ž) and з (z).

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

над • (nad) (+ instrumental case)

1. above, over

Usage notes

Before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-), the variant form надо (nado) is used.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Compare на (“on, onto”), над-, нат-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nâd/

Preposition

на̏д (Latin spelling nȁd)

1. over, above (with no change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)

   Synonym: и̏знад

   Antonym: по̏д

   над столом ― over the table

   власт над неким ― power over somebody

   херој над херојима ― the greatest of all heroes

2. over, above (usually with change of position, answering the question kùda)

   Synonym: и̏знад

   Antonym: по̏д

   Нагнуо се над воду. ― He leaned over the water.

References

• “над” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

• на́ді (nádi), на́до (nádo) — before awkward consonant clusters

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

над • (nad)

1. above, over (+ instrumental case)

   Над на́ми со́нце. ― Nad námy sónce. ― The sun is above us.

   перева́га над ки́мось/кимсь ― pereváha nad kýmosʹ/kymsʹ ― an advantage over someone

2. (+ accusative case)
   1. (rare) over (expression motion towards)

      іти́ над го́ру ― itý nad hóru ― to go over a mountain

   2. more than, like (used when increasing the higher measure, the degree of comparison, etc.)

      Люблю́ їх над усе́! ― Ljubljú jix nad usé! ― I love them more than anything!

      Synonym: по́над (pónad)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “над”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “над”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)