под

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Noun

под • (pod) m

1. floor (ground)

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *podъ. Equivalent to по (po, “upon, at”) +‎ -д (-d).

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. under
2. below

Anagrams

• под- (pod-)

Eastern Mari

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /poð/

Noun

под • (pod)

1. pot, cauldron
2. boiler

Declension

Derived terms

References

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “под”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Homophone: пот (pot)

Noun

под • (pod) m (relational adjective поден)

1. floor (ground)

Declension

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. under

   Кучето се скри под столот. ― Kučeto se skri pod stolot. ― The dog hid under the chair.

2. below

   Тоа е закопано под земјата. ― Toa e zakopano pod zemjata. ― It is buried below the ground.

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• подъ (pod) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• подо (podo) (before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-))

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• IPA^(key): (before a stressed syllable)
• IPA^(key): (when stressed)

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: пот (pot) (when stressed)

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. + accusative case
   1. under, below, beneath (movement to beneath a location)

      нырну́ть под во́ду ― nyrnútʹ pod vódu ― to dive underwater

      положи́ть под крова́ть ― položítʹ pod krovátʹ ― to put under a bed

   2. under (beginning to fall under a condition, state or period of action)

      попа́сть под обстре́л ― popástʹ pod obstrél ― to fall/come under fire

   3. towards, to
   4. approaching, slightly less than (a quantitative characteristic, such as weight, age, etc.)

      лет под со́рок ― let pod sórok ― approaching forty years old

   5. shortly before, towards, approaching (a time)

      под ве́чер ― pod véčer ― towards/in the evening

      под коне́ц ― pod konéc ― towards/in/at/by the end

   6. in imitation of, à la

      раскра́шенный под леопа́рда ― raskrášennyj pod leopárda ― painted to look like a leopard

      га́лстук под цвет фо́рмы ― gálstuk pod cvet fórmy ― a tie to match the colour of a uniform

      под стать ― pod statʹ ― to match

   7. for, suitable as

      уча́сток под строи́тельство ― učástok pod stroítelʹstvo ― land for construction

      оста́вить уча́сток под карто́фель ― ostávitʹ učástok pod kartófelʹ ― to leave a plot for potatoes

      отвести́ помеще́ние под музе́й ― otvestí pomeščénije pod muzéj ― to set aside a room for a museum

      ту́мбочка под телеви́зор ― túmbočka pod televízor ― a bedside table for a television

      земля́ под хлеб ― zemljá pod xleb ― ground for bread

      гото́вый под посе́в ― gotóvyj pod posév ― ready for sowing

      маленькую ко́мнату отвели́ под спа́льню ― malenʹkuju kómnatu otvelí pod spálʹnju ― a small room was taken as a bedroom

      корзи́на под карто́шку ― korzína pod kartóšku ― basket for potatoes

   8. to (a piece of music, the sound of...)

      засыпа́ть под пе́сню ― zasypátʹ pod pésnju ― to fall asleep to a song

2. + instrumental case
   1. under, below, beneath (being beneath a location)

      пла́вать под водо́й ― plávatʹ pod vodój ― to swim underwater

      под кры́шей ― pod krýšej ― under a roof

   2. under (being under a condition, state or period of action)

      под руково́дством ― pod rukovódstvom ― under the leadership (of)

      под ви́дом ― pod vídom ― under the guise (of)

      под прикры́тием ― pod prikrýtijem ― undercover / under the cover (of)

   3. near, by

      Сражéние под Прóхоровкой ― Sražénije pod Próxorovkoj ― The Battle of Prokhorovka (literally, “The Battle near Prokhorovka”)

      под руко́й ― pod rukój ― at/on hand

   4. at (an angle)

      под о́стрым угло́м ― pod óstrym uglóm ― at an acute angle

Usage notes

• подо (podo) is used before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-).

See also

• под- (pod-)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• подъ (pod) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

под • (pod) m inan (genitive по́да, nominative plural поды́, genitive plural подо́в)

1. (dated, rare) hearth, hearthstone
2. (dated, rare) floor

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pôd/

Noun

по̏д m (Latin spelling pȍd)

1. floor

   пасти на под ― to fall to the floor

2. ground

Declension

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• пода (enclitic pronominal form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pôd/

Preposition

по̏д (Latin spelling pȍd)

1. under, beneath (with change of position, answering the question ку̀да)

   Antonyms: и̏знад, на̏д

   с(ј)ела је под стабло ― she sat under the tree

   пао је под влак ― he fell under the train

2. under, beneath (stationary, answering the question гдје̏/где̏)

   Antonyms: и̏знад, на̏д

   она с(ј)еди под стаблом ― she is sitting under the tree

   под сунцем ― under the sun

3. under, beneath (being in a particular condition)

   бити под сумњом ― to be under suspicion

   бити под притиском ― to be under pressure

   бити под дојмом ― to be under impression

   под оружјем ― under arms

   бити под надзором ― to be under supervision/surveillance

   бити под нечијом заштитом ― to be under someone's protection

   бити под нагласком ― to be accented (stressed), to be under the accent (stress)

   писати под псеудонимом ― to write under the pen name, pseudonymously

   бити под заклетвом ― to be under oath

4. near, toward, in (temporal, with nouns denoting a final temporal segment)

   под јесен ― toward fall

   под крај ― near the end

   под старост ― in one's old age

5. during (temporal)

   под одмором ― during the (school) break

   под паузом ― during the (job) break

   под сатом ― during the (school) lesson

   под владавином ― during the reign of

6. as, instead of, in lieu of

   покушати продати мркву под роткву ― to try selling carrot as radish

7. miscellaneous idiomatic meanings

   то је под морање ― that is obligatory

   бацити под ноге ― to reject, throw away

   небу под облаке ― far away

   под ув(ј)етом/условом да ― under the condition of, on the condition that

   под изговором ― under the pretext

   под Загребом ― near Zagreb

   под Велебитом ― at the foot of Velebit, on the foothills of Velebit

   под коровом ― covered/overgrown with weed

   ништа под (милим) богом ― absolutely nothing

   под контролом (wитх генитиве) ― under the control (of)

   под тим(е) мислим ― by that I mean

   бити под антибиотицима ― to be on antibiotics

   под правим кутом ― perpendicular